Pembentukan Makna Ekstensial dan Spiritual Melalui Struktur Naratif Gérard Genette dalam Novel I Am Sarahza Karya Hanum Salsabiela Rais dan Rangga Almahendra

Sarah Istiqomah Rahman, Drs. Heru Marwata, M.Hum.

2026 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA INDONESIA

Novel I Am Sarahza (2018) karya Hanum Salsabiela merupakan novel nonfiksi yang berpadu dengan unsur fiksi dan menceritakan perjalanan pasangan suami  istri dalam menanti keturunan. Novel ini penting dikaji karena menghadirkan sudut pandang unik melalui tokoh “ruh Sarahza” yang telah hadir sebagai kesadaran naratif sebelum kelahirannya di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur cerita dan fokalisasi dalam novel I Am Sarahza berdasarkan teori naratologi Gérard Genette. Kompleksitas narasi dalam novel ini tidak hanya memperlihatkan pengalaman personal mengenai perjuangan memperoleh keturunan, tetapi juga memuat dimensi spiritual, emosional, dan eksistensial yang kuat. Oleh karena itu, teori naratif Genettedigunakan untuk mengungkap bagaimana struktur cerita dibangun melalui aspek order, duration, frequency, mood, voice, serta fokalisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratologi Gérard Genette. Data penelitian berupa narasi, dialog, monolog, dan penggambaran peristiwa dalam novel I Am Sarahza. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, pembacaan intensif, pencatatan, dan klasifikasi data berdasarkan unsur-unsur naratif Genette. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel I Am Sarahza memiliki struktur naratif yang kompleks dan berlapis. Pada aspek order ditemukan dominasi alur progresif yang disertai penggunaan analepsis dan prolepsis. Urutan naratif tersebut membentuk fragmented narrative, yaitu pola penceritaan yang tidak sepenuhnya linier karena menghadirkan pergeseran waktu antara cerita dan penceritaan. Aspek duration memperlihatkan penggunaan elipsis, jeda, adegan, dan ringkasan yang membentuk ritme narasi emosional dan reflektif. Aspek frequency ditunjukkan melalui pengulangan pengalaman kegagalan, harapan, dan doa yang memperkuat pergulatan batin tokoh. Pada aspek mood, novel memadukan teknik mimesis, diegesis, dan bentuk campuran sehingga menciptakan variasi jarak naratif yang dinamis. Sementara itu, aspek voice memperlihatkan dominasi ruh Sarahza sebagai pusat kesadaran naratif dari dimensi metafisis. Dominasi fokalisasi internal menjadikan novel ini tidak hanya menghadirkan pengalaman lahiriah tokoh, tetapi juga membangun makna spiritual dan eksistensial yang mendalam. Dengan demikian, novel I Am Sarahza menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh variasi konsep naratologi Genette dapat diidentifikasi dalam struktur naratifnya. 

The novel I Am Sarahza (2018) by Hanum Salsabiela is a nonfiction novel that combines elements of fiction and tells the journey of a married couple in waiting for offspring. This novel is important to study because it presents a unique perspective through the character of "Sarahza's spirit" who has been present as a narrative consciousness before her birth in the world. This study aims to analyze the story structure and focalization in the novel I Am Sarahza based on Gérard Genette's narratology theory. The complexity of the narrative in this novel not only shows personal experiences regarding the struggle to have children, but also contains strong spiritual, emotional, and existential dimensions. Therefore, Genette's narrative theory is used to reveal how the story structure is built through aspects of order, duration, frequency, mood, voice, and focalization. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with Gérard Genette's narratology approach. The research data are in the form of narratives, dialogues, monologues, and depictions of events in the novel I Am Sarahza. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies, intensive reading, recording, and data classification based on Genette's narrative elements. The results of the study indicate that the novel I Am Sarahza has a complex and layered narrative structure. In the order aspect, a dominant progressive plot is found accompanied by the use of analepsis and prolepsis. This narrative sequence forms a fragmented narrative, namely a storytelling pattern that is not entirely linear because it presents a shift in time between the story and the telling. The duration aspect shows the use of ellipsis, pauses, scenes, and summaries that form an emotional and reflective narrative rhythm. The frequency aspect is shown through the repetition of experiences of failure, hope, and prayer that strengthen the character's inner struggle. In the mood aspect, the novel combines mimesis, diegesis, and mixed forms to create a dynamic variation of narrative distance. Meanwhile, the voice aspect shows the dominance of Sarahza's spirit as the center of narrative consciousness from the metaphysical dimension. The dominance of internal focalization makes this novel not only present the character's external experiences, but also builds deep spiritual and existential meanings. Thus, the novel I Am Sarahza shows that almost all variations of Genette's narratological concepts can be identified in its narrative structure. 

Kata Kunci : naratologi, Gérard Genette, struktur naratif, fokalisasi, I Am Sarahza.