MENGENAL TENAGA KERJA LEWAT FILM (Analisis Resepsi Penonton terhadap Motif Ekonomi Tenaga Kerja Wanita di dalam Film Petik Minggu Pagi di Victoria Park Petik karya Lola Amaria)

RAHMI KARTIKA SARI PRAYITNO, Dr. Novi Kurnia, M. Si., M. A.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KOMUNIKASI

ABSTRAK Motif ekonomi menjadi salah satu alasan utama kepergian tenaga kerja wanita ke luar negeri. Film Minggu Pagi di Victoria Park memberi informasi motif ekonomi sebagai alasan kepergian TKW legal dan ilegal ke negara Hong Kong. Motif ekonomi paling kuat tergambar dari keinginan TKW memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari bagi diri sendiri dan orang lain. Isu motif ekonomi TKW jarang diangkat oleh media massa Indonesia. Selain isu motif ekonomi TKW, MPdVP memiliki fakta-fakta menarik lain. Pertama, MPdVP termasuk salah satu dari enam film bertema tenaga kerja wanita di tahun 1998-2014. Kedua, tema perempuan dibuat oleh sutradara, produser dan penulis skenario perempuan. Berdasarkan berbagai fakta MPdVP, penelitian bermaksud mengetahui pemaknaan penonton terhadap motif ekonomi tenaga kerja wanita di dalam film Minggu Pagi di Victoria Park karya Lola Amaria. Penelitian penonton film dilakukan kepada tiga perempuan dan tiga laki-laki yang tinggal di berbagai daerah di Pulau Jawa. Praktek pemaknaan penonton dianalisa menggunakan teori resepsi Stuart Hall. Stuart Hall membagi posisi penonton menjadi tiga, yaitu dominant-hegemonic position, negotiated position dan oppositional position. Analisa penelitan menunjukkan keberagaman sikap penonton film (heterogen). Pertama, motif ekonomi dipahami secara sejalan dengan paparan para ahli. Kedua, contoh & asal motif ekonomi TKW dan pemahaman TKW didominasi pengetahuan dari pengalaman film MPdVP. Ketiga, tindakan ekonomi selain bekerja sebagai TKW adalah bekerja tambahan, berhutang dan berusaha/berdagang. Keempat, keberadaan lembaga kredit disambut sikap setuju, setuju bersyarat/netral dan tidak setuju. Kelima, pemahaman motif ekonomi TKW didapat secara seimbang dari pengalaman lingkungan sosial & budaya, media dan film MPdVP. Keenam, pengaruh film MPdVP saat mengonsumsi media massa tidak dapat langsung diposisikan ke dominant-hegemonic.

ABSTRACT Economic motives become the main reasons of women migrant workers (WMW) go to other country. Minggu Pagi di Victoria Park film gives economic motives information as reason of women migrant workers legal and illegal go to Hong Kong. The most powerful of economic motives can be seen from WMW Petik s desire to fulfill daily life needs for themselves and others. Economic motives of WMW issue rarely published by Indonesia mass media. Besides economic motives of WMW issue, MPdVP have another interesting facts. First, MPdVP including one of six theme WMW film in 1998-2014. Second, female theme created by female director, female producer and female screenwriter. Based on MPdVP Petik s facts, this research intends to know filmgoers meaning of women migrant workers Petik s economic motives in Minggu Pagi di Victoria Park film created by Lola Amaria. The research of filmgoers done to three women and three men who stay in various Java Petik s region. Filmgoers meaning were analyzed using Stuart Hall reception Petik s theory. Stuart Hall divides filmgoers into three positions. There are dominant-hegemonic position, negotiated position and oppositional position. Research analysis show diversity of filmgoers Petik s attitudes (heterogeneous). First, the economic motive understood in line with experts exposure. Second, example and origin of WMW Petik s economic motives and WMW Petik s understanding dominated by knowledge from MPdVP Petik s experience. Third, economic measures beside working as women migrant worker is having extra job, debt and trade. Fourth, the existence of credit institutions have many opinions. There are agree, conditional or neutral and disagree. Fifth, the understanding of WMW Petik s economic motive balanced by experience of social & cultural environment, media and MPdVP film. Sixth, the influence of MPdVP film when consuming mass media can not be directly means filmgoers are in dominant-hegemonic position.

Kata Kunci : kajian film, resepsi, penonton, motif ekonomi, tenaga kerja wanita dan sutradara perempuan