Transformasi Model Bisnis Digital UMKM dan Strategi Kebijakan dalam Mengurangi Kesenjangan Digital di Indonesia

Yumna Nabila Mufida, Dr. Samodra Wibawa, M.S.,

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA (MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK)

Transformasi digital telah mendorong perubahan model bisnis Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia, tetapi proses tersebut masih menghadapi kesenjangan digital dalam bentuk keterbatasan akses internet, infrastruktur, literasi digital, dan kemampuan sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis transformasi model bisnis digital UMKM, bentuk kesenjangan digital, peran dan efektivitas kebijakan pemerintah, serta hubungan transformasi digital dengan akses pasar dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap literatur yang diterbitkan pada periode 2020–2025. Proses seleksi literatur mengacu pada PRISMA 2020, sedangkan analisis kebijakan menggunakan kriteria evaluasi kebijakan yang meliputi efektivitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, pemerataan, responsivitas, dan ketepatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi model bisnis digital melalui pemanfaatan marketplace, e-commerce, digital marketing, media sosial, dan pembayaran digital dapat meningkatkan efisiensi, produktivitas, daya saing, serta memperluas akses pasar UMKM. Namun, manfaat transformasi digital belum merata akibat kesenjangan infrastruktur, literasi digital, dan kemampuan sumber daya manusia. Kebijakan pemerintah berperan sebagai faktor pendukung melalui program literasi digital, pembangunan infrastruktur, pendampingan, dan penguatan ekosistem digital, tetapi efektivitasnya masih memerlukan penguatan terutama dalam aspek pemerataan dan koordinasi. Secara keseluruhan, transformasi digital berkontribusi terhadap perluasan akses pasar dan aktivitas ekonomi yang mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Digital transformation has driven changes in the business models of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. However, this process still faces a digital divide in the form of limited internet access, inadequate infrastructure, low digital literacy, and limited human resource capabilities. This study aims to analyze the transformation of digital business models among MSMEs, the forms of the digital divide, the role and effectiveness of government policies, and the relationship between digital transformation, market access, and economic growth. This study employs a qualitative approach using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on literature published during the 2020–2025 period. The literature selection process follows the PRISMA 2020 framework, while policy analysis uses policy evaluation criteria encompassing effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness. The results show that the transformation of digital business models through the utilization of marketplaces, e-commerce, digital marketing, social media, and digital payment systems can improve efficiency, productivity, competitiveness, and expand MSMEs' market access. However, the benefits of digital transformation have not been evenly distributed due to gaps in infrastructure, digital literacy, and human resource capabilities. Government policies play a supporting role through digital literacy programs, infrastructure development, business assistance, and the strengthening of the digital ecosystem. Nevertheless, their effectiveness still requires improvement, particularly in terms of equitable implementation and policy coordination. Overall, digital transformation contributes to expanding market access and economic activity, thereby supporting economic growth.

Kata Kunci : Transformasi Digital, Model Bisnis Digital, UMKM, Kesenjangan Digital, Kebijakan Pemerintah, Akses Pasar, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Digital Transformation, Digital Business Model, MSMEs, Digital Divide, Government Policy, Market Access, Economic Growth.