Negosiasi Peran Gender melalui Praktik Performatif pada Karakter Bu Tejo dalam Tilik the Series
Ani Shafriawati, Dewi Cahyani Puspitasari, M.A., Ph.D
2026 | Skripsi | Sosiologi
Struktur masyarakat desa sering kali menempatkan perempuan sebagai makhluk domestik, tetapi medium film kini mulai merekonstruksi dinamika tersebut dengan menghadirkan representasi perempuan pedesaan di ranah publik. Salah satunya ditemukan dalam Tilik The Series (2023) yang menunjukkan kelenturan posisi perempuan dalam masyarakat desa melalui karakter Bu Tejo sebagai seorang istri, ibu, dan calon pemimpin desa (lurah). Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana representasi perempuan desa dalam Tilik The Series menegosiasikan peran domestik dan publik dalam norma gender masyarakat Jawa. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Analisis Wacana Kritis Fairclough yang dipadukan dengan semiotika sosial Kress dan van Leeuwen, serta teori performativitas gender Judith Butler dan konsep tawar-menawar dengan patriarki Deniz Kandiyoti sebagai pisau analisis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa representasi negosiasi peran gender dalam ranah domestik maupun publik memperlihatkan pola negosiasi kontekstual yang diwujudkan secara situasional melalui penyesuaian tindakan serta komunikasi terhadap ruang, kondisi, dan pihak yang dihadapi. Melalui karakter Bu Tejo, perempuan desa Jawa direpresentasikan sebagai sosok yang tidak pasif dan tidak sepenuhnya tunduk terhadap norma patriarki yang membatasi ruang geraknya. Negosiasi tersebut direpresentasikan melalui reproduksi norma, tawar-menawar terhadap batasan patriarki, dan resignifikasi tanda-tanda feminitas. Namun, representasi tersebut juga menunjukkan ambivalensi karena perluasan ruang publik Bu Tejo tidak disertai dengan pelepasan identitas domestiknya sebagai istri dan ibu. Sebaliknya, identitas domestik dan tanda-tanda feminitas tersebut tetap dipertahankan sekaligus dimanfaatkan untuk membangun kedekatan, rekognisi sosial, dan legitimasi ketika memasuki ruang publik.
The structure of rural society often positions women as domestic figures, but the medium of film is now beginning to reconstruct these dynamics by presenting representations of rural women in the public sphere. One such example can be found in Tilik The Series (2023), which illustrates the flexibility of women’s roles in rural society through the character of Bu Tejo as a wife, mother, and aspiring village leader (lurah). Based on this phenomenon, this study examines how the representation of rural women in Tilik The Series negotiates domestic and public roles within the gender norms of Javanese society. This study employs a qualitative approach using Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, combined with the social semiotics of Kress and van Leeuwen, as well as Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity and Deniz Kandiyoti’s concept of bargaining with patriarchy as analytical tools.
The research findings indicate that representations of gender role negotiations in both the domestic and public spheres reveal patterns of contextual negotiation that are manifested situationally through the adaptation of actions and communication to the space, conditions, and parties involved. Through the character of Bu Tejo, Javanese village women are portrayed as figures who are neither passive nor entirely submissive to patriarchal norms that restrict their freedom of movement. This negotiation is represented through the reproduction of norms, bargaining against patriarchal constraints, and the resignification of signs of femininity. However, this representation also reveals ambivalence, as Bu Tejo’s expansion into the public sphere is not accompanied by a relinquishment of her domestic identity as a wife and mother. Instead, she maintains these domestic identities and markers of femininity while simultaneously leveraging them to foster closeness, social recognition, and legitimacy as she enters the public sphere.
Kata Kunci : Performativitas Gender, Perempuan Desa Jawa, Representasi Perempuan, Analisis Wacana Kritis, Tilik The Series.