PERAN MEKANISME ORGANISASI DALAM MEMENGARUHI MOTIVASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DAN PERILAKU EKSTRA-PERAN
Muhammad Royhan, Ely Susanto, S.IP., MBA., Ph.D.; Rahmat Hidayat, S.Psi., M.Sc., Ph.D.
2026 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Administrasi Negara
Public Service Motivation (PSM) is an important concept in public administration that explains the intrinsic motivation of public sector employees to serve society. However, most theoretical developments of PSM have been based on the context of developed countries with relatively stable and professional bureaucracies. This dissertation aims to explain how organizational mechanisms, including transformational leadership, job characteristics, and incentives, influence the dynamics of PSM and extra-role behavior.
This study was conducted among civil servants at the Tanjung Priok Main Customs Office using a multiple-methods research design consisting of survey and experimental approaches. The survey approach was analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling to examine the multidimensional structure of PSM and the relationships among the variables. Meanwhile, the experimental approach employed a randomized design with three incentive treatment groups and one control group, analyzed using analysis of covariance and linear mixed model to evaluate the effect of incentives on extra-role behavior.
The findings show that transformational leadership influences PSM indirectly through job characteristics, whereas PSM does not have a significant effect on extra-role behavior. Although PSM did not significantly moderate the relationship between incentives and extra-role behavior, post hoc analyses indicated that incentive effects were significant among employees with high PSM but not among those with low PSM. These findings advance PSM theory and have implications for policy design and public sector human resource management.
Kata Kunci : Motivasi Pelayanan Publik, Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Model Karakteristik Pekerjaan, Insentif, Perilaku Ekstra-peran, Multiple Methods