REPRESENTASI INTERSEKSIONAL PEREMPUAN DISABILITAS MENTAL DALAM FILM SENGKELA (Analisis Semiotika Sosial terhadap Diskursus Marginalisasi Tokoh Atun)

Abdul Rohim, Dr. Ardian Indro Yuwono, S.I.P., M.A.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Komunikasi

Marginalisasi tokoh Atun dalam film Sengkela (Ifcha Nur Cahyono, durasi 20 menit) merupakan bentuk penindasan sistemis yang lahir dari pertautan gender, disabilitas mental, dan kemiskinan struktural, mulai dari pengabaian sosial hingga pemasungan. Fenomena ini krusial untuk dikaji karena belum ditemukan studi yang secara simultan mengintegrasikan analisis multimodal, feminisme kritis Angela McRobbie, dan model sosial disabilitas Michael Oliver pada satu objek film Indonesia bertema disabilitas mental. Penelitian ini menganalisis mekanisme reproduksi marginalisasi tersebut melalui semiotika sosial Hodge dan Kress yang dioperasionalkan lewat analisis multimodal atas sistem tanda visual, auditori, dan verbal, dalam paradigma kritis. Kerangka teori memadukan feminisme Angela McRobbie dan model sosial disabilitas Michael Oliver, dibaca melalui lensa interseksionalitas Kimberlé Crenshaw. Data diperoleh dari analisis mendalam 17 scene kunci film. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan marginalisasi Atun bekerja pada dua lapis: ableisme sebagai kegagalan struktural umum, dan sanisme sebagai stigmatisasi spesifik terhadap status kejiwaannya. Satu scene kunci menjadi bukti kontrapositif terkuat: tanpa tekanan lingkungan, Atun justru berkendali penuh atas ketiga moda multimodal, mengindikasikan disabilitasnya sebagai produk sosial, bukan kondisi internal. Kemiskinan ditemukan sebagai pengubah kualitas penindasan, bukan sekadar faktor pemberat. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memetakan sekaligus membongkar cara film pendek independen mereproduksi dehumanisasi di balik dalih tradisi dan keterbatasan ekonomi di Indonesia.

The marginalization of Atun in the short film Sengkela (Ifcha Nur Cahyono, 20 minutes) constitutes a systemic form of oppression arising from the intersection of gender, mental disability, and structural poverty, ranging from social neglect to physical restraint (pasung). This phenomenon is critical to examine because no prior study has simultaneously integrated multimodal analysis, Angela McRobbie's critical feminism, and Michael Oliver’s social model of disability within a single Indonesian film centered on mental disability. This study analyzes the mechanism of this marginalization through Hodge and Kress’s social semiotics, operationalized via multimodal analysis, within a critical paradigm. The theoretical framework integrates McRobbie’s feminist perspective and Oliver's social model of disability, both read through Kimberlé Crenshaw's lens of intersectionality. Data were obtained through in-depth analysis of 17 key scenes. The findings reveal that Atun’s marginalization operates on two distinct layers: ableism, as a general structural failure, and sanism, as a stigmatization specifically targeting her mental state. One key scene serves as the strongest counterevidence: in the absence of environmental pressure, Atun exercises full control over all three multimodal modes, indicating that her disability is socially produced rather than an inherent condition. Poverty is found to be a qualitative modifier of oppression rather than merely an aggravating factor. This study contributes to mapping, while also challenging, how independent short films reproduce dehumanization concealed behind the pretexts of tradition and economic constraint in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Disabilitas Mental, Film Sengkela, Interseksionalitas, Marginalisasi Berlapis, Semiotika Sosial Multimodal