Eefektivitas Intervensi Online Self-Help terhadap Gangguan Mental Umum Pada Populasi Rentan: Studi Meta-Analisis

Dola Adriana, Diana Setiyawati, S.Psi., M.H.Sc., Ph.D., Psikolog

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi Psikologi

Pentingnya penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan bukti dan alternatif intervensi yang bisa mengatasi gap masalah prevalensi atau gangguan mental umum, keterbatasan profesional, dan aksesibilitas terapi berkualitas pada populasi rentan. Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas intervensi online self-help terhadap gangguan mental umum pada populasi rentan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian dengan tinjauan literatur sistematis dan meta-analisis berdasarkan evidence synthesis oleh JBI dan PRISMA 2020. Kriteria inklusi berupa individu rentan yang memiliki gejala atau terdiagnosis gangguan mental, intervensi online unguided self-help, dengan kontrol pasif (treatment as usual, waitlist, dan tidak ada perlakuan), serta studi eksperimen acak. Kelompok rentan dengan disabilitas berat dan intervensi self-help berbentuk kelompok tidak dilibatkan. Pencarian literatur peer-review dilakukan di Pubmed dan Scopus dari 2015 hingga September 2025. Risiko bias dalam penelitian ini diukur menggunakan risk of bias tools for randomized control trial (ROB-2). Hasil temuan disintesis menggunakan meta-analisis dan ringkasan naratif. Terdapat 20 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 7.415 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi online self-help efektif dalam menurunkan gejala depresi (SMD = 0.26, CI 95%: -0.43; -0.09, p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>Internasional Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251172175).  

This study aims to address gaps in the prevalence of common mental disorders, limitations in mental health professionals, and restricted access to quality therapy among vulnerable populations. A systematic literature review and meta analysis were conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence synthesis framework and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials inlvolving vulnerable individuals with symptoms or diagnosed mental disorders, unguided online self-help intervention, and passive control conditions (treatment as usual, waitlist, or no treatment). Studies involving vulnerable groups with severe disabilities and group-based self-help interventions were excluded. Peer-reviewed articles and group-based self-help intervention were excluded. Peer reviewed articles were search in PubMed and Scopus from 2015 to September 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools for randomized trials (ROB 2). Data were synthesized using meta-analytical methods and narrative summaries. A total of 20 studies involving 7.415 participants met the inclusion criteria. The result indicated that online self-help interventions were effective in reducing symptoms of depression (SMD = -0.26, CI 95%: -0.43; -0.09, p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

Kata Kunci : unguided online self-help, common mental illness, common mental problems, vulnerable population, systematic literature review, meta analysis.