KETIDAKSADARAN POLITIS DALAM NOVEL RAGAM NI SI MARIAN KARYA KARTINI SJAHRIR: PERSPEKTIF FREDRIC JAMESON
Ichda Nabilatin Nisa', Dr. Sudibyo, M.Hum.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Sastra
Perdagangan rempah dan wabah flu Spanyol pada masa kolonial Hindia Belanda tidak hanya memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk dinamika sosial, politik, dan ekonomi, tetapi juga menyisakan jejak eksploitasi dan ketidakadilan terhadap masyarakat pribumi yang diangkat kembali dalam novel Ragam Ni Si Marian karya Kartini Sjahrir yang diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Buku Kompas pada tahun 2024. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna laten yang terkandung dalam struktur narasi novel Ragam Ni Si Marian karya Kartini Sjahrir terkait dengan dinamika sosial-politik Hindia Belanda, wabah flu Spanyol, dan perdagangan rempah. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori political unconscious Fredric Jameson untuk mengeksplorasi tiga horizon interpretasi, yakni narrow political horizon, broader social horizon, dan historical horizon. Melalui tiga horizon interpretasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa (1) narrow political horizon mengungkap struktur roman dengan latar sejarah menyusun konflik kolonial sebagai dilema personal yang merepresentasikan tindakan simbolik terhadap dominasi kuasa. (2) broader social horizon, menemukan ideologeme yang mencerminkan stratifikasi sosial, diskriminasi rasial, dan ketimpangan kelas yang diinternalisasi dalam relasi tokoh, serta diperkuat dengan rasa ressentiment yang membentuk resistensi simbolik. (3) historical horizon menunjukkan mengenai wabah dan rempah dibingkai sebagai alegori kritik terhadap kegagalan sistem negara dalam menghadapi krisis, baik pada masa kolonial maupun pasca pandemi Covid-19 sehingga novel ini dapat dibaca sebagai artikulasi pascakolonial dan pasca krisis. Hasil analisis melalui tiga horizon Jameson menunjukkan bahwa kritik kolonial dalam Ragam Ni Si Marian juga menyimpan kritik tersembunyi terhadap situasi Indonesia kontemporer. Ketidaksadaran politis terlihat ketika sejarah kolonial dalam narasi merefleksikan ketimpangan kuasa negara, posisi priyayi yang berada di antara kolaborasi dan perlawanan, serta posisi perempuan yang masih terjebak dalam struktur patriarki.
The spice trade and the Spanish Flu outbreak during the Dutch East Indies colonial period not only played an important role in shaping social, political, and economic dynamics, but also left traces of exploitation and injustice against the indigenous people, which were revisited in the novel Ragam Ni Si Marian by Kartini Sjahrir, published by Kompas Book Publishing in 2024. This research aims to uncover the latent meaning embedded in the narrative structure of the novel "Ragam Ni Si Marian" by Kartini Sjahrir, particularly about the socio-political dynamics of the Dutch East Indies, the Spanish Flu epidemic, and the spice trade. This research employs Fredric Jameson's theory of the Political unconscious to explore three horizons of interpretation: the narrow political horizon, the broader social horizon, and the historical horizon. Through the three horizons of understanding, this research found that (1) the narrow political horizon reveals the structure of the romance with a historical setting, structuring the colonial conflict as a personal dilemma that represents a symbolic action against the domination of power. (2) broader social horizon, finding ideologies that reflect social stratification, racial discrimination, and class inequality that are internalized in the characters' relationships, and reinforced by a sense of ressentiment that forms symbolic resistance. (3) The historical horizon shows that the outbreak and the spices are framed as an allegory of criticism of the failure of the state system in dealing with crises, both during the colonial period and after the Covid-19 pandemic, so that this novel can be read as a postcolonial and post-crisis articulation. The results of analysis through the three horizons of Jameson show that colonial criticism in Ragam Ni Si Marian also contains hidden criticism of the contemporary situation in Indonesia. Political unconsciousness is evident when colonial history in the narrative reflects the imbalance of state power, the position of the priyayi (nobility) who are caught between collaboration and resistance, and the position of women who are still trapped in patriarchal structures.
Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: Fredric Jameson, Kolonialisme, Political unconscious, Rempah, Wabah.
