Identification of Factors Supporting Electric Motorcycle Retention In Jakarta Based On Purchase Motivation Segmentation
Ilma Aurarisa, Prof. Dr. Eng. Ir. Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, S.T., M.T. ; Prof. Ir. Siti Malkhamah, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN.Eng.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Mag. S. & T.Transportasi
Data dikumpulkan melalui survei kuesioner
kepada 476 pengguna sepeda motor listrik di wilayah DKI Jakarta, yang dipilih
memalui teknik purposive sampling di berbagai kawasan, seperti Tebet Eco
Park, Low Emission Zone Kota Tua, Blok M Square, dan area lain yang
berpotensi menjadi lokasi ditemukannya pengguna sepeda motor listrik. Metode Latent
Class Analysis digunakan untuk mengelompokkan pengguna berdasarkan motivasi
pembelian, sedangkan Association Rules Mining diterapkan untuk
mengidentifikasi variabel yang berasosiasi. Pendekatan unsupervised
digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosio-demografi dan pola
penggunaan sepeda motor listrik dari setiap kelas pengguna, sementara supervised
diterapkan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berasosiasi dengan
retensi sepeda motor listrik.
Hasil
analisis mengidentifikasi tiga segmen pengguna sepeda motor listrik berdasarkan
motivasi pembelian: (1) Environmentally-conscious economists yang
memprioritaskan keuntungan lingkungan dan ekonomi, terutama subsidi pembelian;
(2) Cost-focused pragmatists yang hanya menekankan pada efisiensi biaya
operasional dan penghematan jangka panjang; dan (3) Comprehensive adopter
yang lebih menghargai performa kendaraan dan pengalaman berkendara. Sementara
itu, analisis terhadap retensi menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan atas biaya dan
kenyamanan pengisian daya dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan retensi sebesar 46% pada
segmen environmentally-conscious economists. Pada segmen cost-focused
pragmatists, keputusan mereka tidak sepenuhnya didorong oleh faktor
spesifik atau tingkat kepuasan yang tinggi, namun popularitas dan persepsi
sosial terhadap sepeda motor listrik membantu memperkuat keputusan untuk tetap
mempertahankannya. Sama seperti alasan pembeliannya, pengguna pada segmen comprehensive
adopters mempertimbangkan banyak faktor, seperti kesadaran lingkungan,
penghematan biaya, dan preferensi gaya hidup. Selain itu, implementasi kebijakan
finansial dan preferensial meningkatkan kemungkinan pengguna untuk retensi.
Rekomendasi kebijakan disusun berdasarkan temuan dari setiap kelas sebagai
upaya untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan sepeda motor listrik.
As part of
supporting decarbonization, electric motorcycles (EMs) have the potential to
reduce emissions, given that motorcycles are the major contributor of CO
emissions produced by private transportation. However, existing policies are
still limited to financial measures that focus on purchase incentives.
Therefore, a user segmentation-based approach is needed to develop policies
that aligns with diverse preferences of users in order to promote both adoption
and long-term retention. This
study aims to (1) classify EM users based on their purchase motivations, (2)
identify the characteristics of each user class, (3) analyze factors
influencing EM retention, and (4) provide targeted policy recommendations
tailored to each user segment.
Data was collected via questionnaire survey involving 476 EM
users in DKI Jakarta, selected through purposive sampling at various public
urban areas associated with green mobility, including Tebet Eco Park, the Low
Emission Zone in Kota Tua, Blok M Square, and other high-traffic zones where EM
users are likely to be found. The
Latent Class Analysis method was used to classify users based on purchase
motivation, while Association Rules Mining was applied to identify associated
variables. An unsupervised approach was used to identify socio-demographic
characteristics and patterns of EMs use from each user class, while supervised
was applied to explore factors associated with EM retention.
The results of
the analysis identified three segments of EM users based on purchase motivation:
(1) Environmentally-conscious economists, who prioritize environmental and
economic benefits, especially purchase subsidies; (2) Cost-focused pragmatists
who emphasize only operational cost efficiency and long-term savings; and (3) Comprehensive
adopters who value vehicle performance and the driving experience more. Meanwhile,
retention analysis shows that satisfaction with the cost and convenience of
charging can increase the likelihood of retention by 46% in the environmentally-conscious
economist segment. In the cost-focused pragmatist segment, their decisions are
not entirely driven by specific factors or high levels of satisfaction, but the
popularity and social perception of EM helps reinforce the decision to keep it.
As with the reasons for purchase, users in the comprehensive adopter segment
consider many factors, such as environmental awareness, cost savings, and
lifestyle preferences. In addition, the implementation of financial and
preferential policies increases the likelihood of user retention. Policy
recommendations are formulated based on the findings from each class as an
initiative to improve the sustainability of EM.
Kata Kunci : Association Rules Mining (ARM), Electric Motorcycle (EM), Latent Class Analysis (LCA), Retention, User Segmentation