Apakah Akses Layanan Keuangan Digital Meningkatkan Konsumsi di Indonesia?

Ageni Trifi Kasih, Prof. Dr. Catur Sugiyanto, M.A.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Perkembangan teknologi semakin pesat, perkembangan internet di Indonesia telah mencukupi untuk memulai pembangunan keuangan. Pembangunan keuangan dengan menggunakan TIK dapat mengurangi masalah dalam mengakses layanan keuangan seperti jarak, agunan, waktu dan biaya kredit atau bunga yang tinggi. penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya memberikan penjelasan yang masih terbatas pada pembangunan keuangan di Indonesia. Menggunakan data panel dari tahun 2019 hingga 2022 yang dikumpulkan dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan meliputi 34 Provinsi, kami menguji pengaruh akses ke layanan keuangan digital terhadap tingkat konsumsi di Indonesia. Dari hasil analisis Random Effect Model (REM), kami menemukan bahwa akses ke layanan keuangan digital di Indonesia belum meningkatkan konsumsi. jumlah kepemilikan rekening, jumlah pinjaman yang disalurkan dan jumlah kantor cabang bank yang tersebar di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia belum cukup untuk meningkatkan konsumsi. hanya sebesar 54,05?ri variabel akses ke layanan keuangan digital dan variabel kontrol seperti tingkat modal manusia, pertumbuhan ekonomi, urbanisasi dan tahun Covid-19 dapat menjelaskan tingkat konsumsi. 

The rapid advancement of technology and internet accessibility in Indonesia has paved the way for the development of digital financial services (DFS). These services aim to overcome barriers in accessing traditional financial systems, such as geographic limitations, collateral requirements, and high interest rates. While previous studies have explored aspects of financial development, few have specifically addressed the relationship between DFS access and consumption levels in Indonesia.

Using panel data from 2019 to 2022 across 34 provinces, sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK), this study examines the impact of DFS access on household consumption. The analysis employs a fixed effects model (FEM), selected after Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests.

The results indicate that increased access to DFS, measured by the number of accounts, loans disbursed, and bank branch offices, does not significantly increase consumption. Among the DFS indicators, only the amount of loans shows a positive but weak relationship with consumption, while the number of accounts and branches show negative or insignificant effects. Control variables such as human capital, urbanization, and the Covid-19 period also demonstrate varied impacts. The adjusted R-squared value of 54.05% suggests that DFS access, along with control variables, only partially explains consumption levels.

Kata Kunci : digital financial services, consumption, financial development, panel data, Indonesia