ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMBERIAN INSENTIF DALAM KEPUTUSAN ADOPSI PANEL SURYA DI INDONESA

Nurmasitya Kemalaintan, Ir. Hilya Mudrika Arini, S.T., M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.,

2024 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Industri

Penggunaan panel surya perumahan mulai digencar pemerintah perlahan-lahan. Kebijakan untuk menerapkan panel surya perumahan mulai dibuat. Sehubungan dengan penerapan kebijakan di Indonesia, kondisi lapangan perlu diketahui untuk mengefektifkan kinerja kebijakan yang akan diterapkan. Penelitian ini melihat pandangan masyarakat indonesia mengenai adanya insentif panel surya sebagai peran dalam keputusan adopsi panel surya. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui insentif yang cocok digunakan di Indonesia. Insentif yang digunakan berdasarkan hasil literature review diantaranya Feed In Tarif, Net Metering, RnD Investment, Green Certificated, dan Education & Awereness Program. Penelitian ini menggunakan cara pendekatan analisis SODA (Strategic Option Development and Analysis) dan sistem dinamik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara interview sebagai data primer, sedangkan data sekunder digunakan untuk pendukung analisis sistem dinamik. Interview dilakukan kepada rumah tangga yang menggunakan panel surya sebagai sumber listrik utama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi di wilayah Yogyakarta. Masyarakat rumah tangga ini memandang negatif dan positif disetiap insentif. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu memiliki pandangan positif pada insentif feed in tarif, net metering, dan educational program karena ketiga insentif ini bisa diterapkan sesuai keadaan indonesia saat ini. Sedangkan RnD Investment dan Green Certificate dipandang negatif karena kedua insentif ini cenderung menghamburkan uang dan tidak berguna. Sementara, analisis dinamik menghasilkan pemodelan sebab akibat dengan hasil educationa and awareness program menjadi pengaruh kenaikan adopsi panel surya di Indonesia. Dari hasil tersebut menjawab pertanyaan insentif yang cocok untuk masyarakat indonesia adalah educational and awareness program.

The use of residential solar panels is gradually being promoted by the government. Policies to implement residential solar panels are starting to be developed. In relation to the implementation of policies in Indonesia, field conditions need to be understood to effectively optimize the performance of the policies that will be applied. This study examines the perspectives of Indonesians about solar panel incentives and the incentives role in the decision to adopt solar panels. The aim is to identify suitable incentives for use in Indonesia. The incentives considered, based on a literature review, include Feed-In Tariffs, Net Metering, R&D Investment, Green Certificates, and Education & Awareness Programs. This study uses the SODA (Strategic Option Development and Analysis) approach and dynamic systems analysis. Data collection was conducted through interviews as primary data, while secondary data was used to support the dynamic systems analysis. The interviews were conducted with households using solar panels as their main source of electricity to meet energy needs in the Yogyakarta region. These households had both positive and negative views on each incentive. The results of the study showed a positive outlook on Feed-In Tariffs, Net Metering, and Educational Programs, as these three incentives are seen as applicable to Indonesia’s current situation. Meanwhile, R&D Investment and Green Certificates were viewed negatively because these incentives are seen as wasteful and ineffective. The dynamic analysis produced a causal model showing that the Education and Awareness Program has the greatest influence on increasing solar panel adoption in Indonesia. Based on these findings, the most suitable incentive for Indonesians is the Education and Awareness Program.

Kata Kunci : Interview, Solar Panel Incentive, Indonesia, Dynamic System