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Onomatope dalam Istilah-Istilah Bunyi Gamelan Jawa

Tania Kristi, Prof. Dr. Hendrokumoro, M.Hum.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Linguistik

Dalam kesusastraan Jawa, jejak-jejak musik karawitan tertuang dalam bentuk penggalan-penggalan deskripsi. Deskripsi ini diwarnai dengan istilah-istilah bunyi dalam wujud kebahasaan yang salah satunya berbentuk onomatope. Onomatope berfungsi sebagai salah satu properti bahasa yang memperindah sekaligus memberikan pengalaman sensoris bagi pembaca maupun pendengarnya. Melalui deskripsi ini, onomatope berpotensi menunjukkan bunyi-bunyian instrumen gamelan yang mungkin tidak lagi ditemukan hari ini. Walaupun demikian, minimnya studi onomatope berimbas pada minimnya pemahaman dan ketertarikan para pegiat seni karawitan untuk menggali kembali istilah-istilah bunyi gamelan Jawa. Untuk itu, tulisan ini berusaha mengkaji istilah-istilah bunyi gamelan yang bersumber pada kumpulan teks berbahasa Jawa, terutama bentuk-bentuk onomatopenya. Dengan memanfaatkan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu, kajian ini berusaha menggali jejak karawitan dalam kesusastraan Jawa yang tertuang dalam bentuk istilah-istilah bunyi. Kemudian, analisis onomatope istilah bunyi gamelan dilakukan berdasarkan proses pembentukkan dan karakter fonestemik yang melandasinya. Terakhir, penggunaan onomatope istilah bunyi gamelan dilihat berdasarkan efek showing-saying continuum yang terfokus pada ranah tertulis dan ranah praktis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa istilah-istilah bunyi gamelan berkaitan erat dengan sejarah dan peran seni musik karawitan sejak awal munculnya kerajaan Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara. Onomatope dalam istilah-istilah bunyi terbentuk berdasarkan pengalaman sensorik dengan memanfaatkan potensi bahasa serinci mungkin. Berdasarkan ini, penggunaannya secara nyata  mengakomodasi pengajaran seni musik karawitan dan berpotensi melestarikan instrumen-instrumen gamelan yang lekang oleh zaman.  

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In the case of Javanese literature, traces of karawitan music are contained in the form of descriptive fragments. This description is colored by sound terms in linguistic form, one of which is in the form of onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia functions as a property of language that beautifies and provides a sensory experience for readers and listeners. Through this description, onomatopoeia has the potential to show the sounds of gamelan instruments that may no longer be found today. However, the lack of onomatopoeia studies has resulted in a lack of understanding and interest among musical art practitioners in exploring Javanese gamelan sound terms. For this reason, this paper attempts to examine gamelan sound terms originating from a collection of Javanese texts, especially their onomatopoeic forms. By utilizing previous research, this study attempts to explore the traces of karawitan in Javanese literary cases expressed in the form of sound terms. Then, onomatopoeia analysis of gamelan sound terms is carried out based on the formation process and underlying phonestemic character. Finally, the use of onomatopoeia in gamelan sound terms is seen based on the showing-saying continuum effect which focuses on the written and practical domains. The results of this research show that gamelan sound terms are closely related to the history and role of the art of karawitan music since the beginning of the emergence of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in the archipelago. Onomatopoeia in sound terms is formed based on sensory experience by utilizing the potential of language in as much detail as possible. Based on this, its use actually accommodates teaching the art of musical music and has the potential to preserve timeless gamelan instruments.

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Kata Kunci : onomatope, istilah-istilah, bunyi, gamelan, Jawa / onomatopoeia, terms, sounds, gamelan, Java

  1. S2-2024-499025-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2024-499025-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2024-499025-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2024-499025-title.pdf