Analisis Determinan Kinerja TNI Dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Nir-Militer (Studi Sasus Penanganan Bencana Non Alam Pandemi Corona Virus-19
Heri Wiranto, Prof. Dr. Muhadjir Darwin, MPA;Prf. Dr.sc.po. Agus Heruanto Hadna, M.Si
2024 | Disertasi | S3 STUDI KEBIJAKAN
Penelitian ini berfokus kepada tugas perbantuan Tentara Nasional
Indonesia sebagai bagian Gugus/Satuan Tugas Penanganan Corona Virues Diseased
Tahun 2019 (Covid-19). Status darurat nasional penanganan Covid-19 merupakan
inovasi kebijakan publik dalam keamanan nasional dari ancaman nyata bidang
kesehatan, yakni kematian secara massif akibat infeksi skala luas Covid-19. Di
lapangan, bagaimana kinerja TNI dalam penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia
ditentukan oleh kepemimpinan dalam mentransformasikan sumberdaya organisasi
dalam bentuk manajemen penanganan bencana non alam dan kerjasama sinergis civic
mission (misi kemanusiaan).
Penelitian menggunakan mixed methods dengan pendekatan
explanatory sequential. Lokus penelitian seluruh wilayah Republik Indonesia
yang dikategorikan dalam dua wilayah penanganan, dengan sampel sebanyak 360
kuesioner dan 25 wawancara.
Pada analisis data kuantitatif, kinerja penugasan TNI
dipengaruhi oleh determinan kepemimpinan, organisasi dan manajemen, serta
kerjasama TNI dalam bentuk model struktural determinan terhadap kinerja. Model
temuan penanganan Covid19 dapat menjadi acuan pengerahan TNI dalam misi selain
perang berikutnya. Selanjutnya, analisa kualitatif menyimpulkan kepemimpinan
TNI dapat mewujudkan efektifitas operasional pengerahan organisasi TNI pada
tingkatan manajemen taktis Operasi Penanganan Medis, Operasi Pengamanan, dan
Operasi Dukungan penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia. Format kerjasama TNI dalam
misi kemanusiaan (civic mission) sinergis dengan penanganan Covid-19 di
Indonesia. Selesainya misi pada bulan Juni 2023 mengembalikan TNI dalam tugas
pertahanan yang menguatkan profesionalitas TNI.
This research focuses on the involvement of the
Indonesian National Armed Forces as part of the 2019 Corona Virus Disease
Handling Task Force (Covid-19) in Indonesia. The national emergency handling of
Covid-19 is a form of public policy that must be implemented in Indonesia's
national security system. The leadership of TNI Commander Marshal TNI Hadi
Tjahyanto must be able to operationalize TNI organization and management in the
format of handling non-natural disasters. Apart from these two determinants,
the TNI's performance in handling Covid-19 in Indonesia is determined by
synergistic cooperation in a civic mission (humanitarian mission) format.
The research method used is mixed methods with an
explanatory sequential approach. The research locus is the entire territory of
the Republic of Indonesia in two handling areas, with a sample of 360
questionnaires and 25 interviews.
In the first stage of data
analysis, quantitative data taken using questionnaires was obtained from a
structural model that had a relationship between the determinants of the TNI's
performance in handling Covid-19, as a reference model for deploying the TNI on
missions other than war. Furthermore, analysis of qualitative data resulting
from resource interviews concluded that the leadership of the TNI Commander can
realize the operational effectiveness of deploying the TNI organization at the
tactical management level of Medical Handling Operations, Security Operations
and Support Operations for handling Covid-19 in Indonesia. The TNI
collaboration format in humanitarian missions (civic missions) is synergistic
with handling Covid-19 in Indonesia. Completion of the mission in June 2023
returns the TNI to defense duties which strengthens the professionalism of the
TNI.
In the first stage of data
analysis, quantitative data taken using questionnaires was obtained from a
structural model that had a relationship between the determinants of the TNI's
performance in handling Covid-19, as a reference model for deploying the TNI on
missions other than war. Furthermore, analysis of qualitative data resulting
from resource interviews concluded that the leadership of the TNI Commander can
realize the operational effectiveness of deploying the TNI organization at the
tactical management level of Medical Handling Operations, Security Operations
and Support Operations for handling Covid-19 in Indonesia. The TNI
collaboration format in humanitarian missions (civic missions) is synergistic
with handling Covid-19 in Indonesia. Completion of the mission in June 2023
returns the TNI to defense duties which strengthens the professionalism of the
TNI.
Kata Kunci : kebijakan, keamanan nasional, kerjasama, misi kemanusiaan, kepemimpinan, organisasi dan manajemen, Tentara Nasional Indonesia, militer profesional.