Model Pengembangan Tata Ruang Kawasan Destinasi Pariwisata Yang Berkelanjutan : Kasus Desa Wisata Tuktuk Siadong Dan Desa Tomok Kabupaten Samosir

Wahyu Hidayat, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Baiquni, M.A.

2023 | Disertasi | S3 Geografi

Danau Toba adalah salah satu danau terbesar di Asia dan dunia, lingkungan Danau Toba juga masih tergolong sangat hijau dan asri. Secara bertahap, destinasi pariwisata ini mulai dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia dan juga dunia. Desa wisata yang terdapat di Kelurahan Tuktuk Siadong dan Desa Tomok berada di sebuah daerah semenanjung Danau Toba, di desa wisata ini banyak ditemukan hotel-hotel dengan berbagai pilihan dan selalu menawarkan pemandangan langsung ke Danau Toba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; Mendeskripsikan pengembangan tata ruang berdasarkan karakteristik destinasi wisata meliputi objek wisata dan karakterisktik wisatawan di Desa Tomok dan Kelurahan Tuktuk Siadong Kabupaten Samosir. Menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan (sustainable tourism development) di Desa Tomok dan Kelurahan Tuktuk Siadong Kabupaten Samosir. Merumuskan model pengembangan tata ruang kawasan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakat di Danau Toba. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed method) kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pertama, untuk mengetahui pengembangan tata ruang berdasarkan karakteristik destinasi wisata meliputi objek wisata dan karakterisktik wisatawan. Kedua, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan (sustainable tourism development) di Desa Tomok dan Tuktuk Siadong menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan penelitian kasus yang merupakan suatu penelitian yang dilakukan secara intensif, terinci dan mendalam terhadap suatu organisasi, lembaga atau gejala tertentu. Ketiga, untuk dapat merumuskan model pengembangan tata ruang kawasan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakat maka digunakan metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan menggunakan analisis structural equation model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, pengembangan tata ruang di wilayah penelitian lebih menyebar mengikuti jalur sirkulasi yang sudah ada dan mengikuti pola pengembangan tradisional batak yang membentuk cluster dan tidak langsung berhubungan dengan jalur sirkulasi utama. Kelurahan Tuktuk Siadong akan dikembangkan desa wisata dengan potensi daya tarik wisata budaya dari Huta Batak. Kelestarian perkampungan 

Lake Toba is one of the largest lakes in Asia and the world, the Lake Toba environment is also still classified as very green and beautiful. Gradually, this tourism destination began to be recognized by the people of Indonesia and the world. The tourist village in Tuktuk Siadong Village and Tomok Village is located on a peninsula area of Lake Toba, in this tourist village there are many hotels with various choices and always offer direct views of Lake Toba. The objectives of this study are; Describe spatial development based on the characteristics of tourist destinations including tourist attractions and characteristics of tourists in Tomok Village and Tuktuk Siadong Village, Samosir Regency. Analyze the factors that influence sustainable tourism development in Tomok Village and Tuktuk Siadong Village, Samosir Regency. Formulating a community-based sustainable tourism area spatial development model in Lake Toba. This research uses qualitative and quantitative mixed methods. First, to find out the spatial development based on the characteristics of tourist destinations including tourist objects and characteristics of tourists. Second, the factors that influence sustainable tourism development in Tomok and Tuktuk Siadong Villages using qualitative methods through a case research approach which is a study conducted intensively, in detail, and in-depth on an organization, institution, or certain symptoms. Third, to be able to formulate a community-based sustainable tourism area spatial development model, quantitative methods are used through a structural equation model (SEM) analysis approach. The results showed that first, spatial development in the study area is more spread patterns that form clusters and are not directly related to the main circulation path. Tuktuk Siadong Village will be developed as a tourist village with the potential cultural tourism attraction of Huta Batak. The preservation of traditional villages must be maintained including the landscape that is part of the spatial structure. Meanwhile, the development of Tomok Village will be directed towards agro-tourism that utilizes the potential of the agricultural landscape and tourism development will be based on cultural preservation. Second, the factors that significantly influence the development of sustainable tourism in the Lake Toba Region are attractions, tourism industry components, and community based tourism (CBT). Third, the spatial development of the tourism area on Lake Toba can refer to the model that has been prepared so that it can make tourism on Lake Toba in a better and more sustainable direction

Kata Kunci : Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat, Kearifan Lokal, structural equation model (SEM), Danau Toba,Spatial Development, Sustainable Tourism, Community-Based Tourism, Local Wisdom, Structural Equation Model (SEM), Lake Toba