STRATEGI PELESTARIAN SENI CADAS KAWASAN LIANG KABORI SULAWESI TENGGARA

Amaluddin Sope, Dr. Mahirta, M.A.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Arkeologi

Perubahan kondisi seni cadas yang terjadi terus-menerus pada seni cadas kawasan Liang Kabori Sulawesi Tenggara disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor alami dan antropogenik. Tujuan penelitian untuk menghasilkan strategi pelestarian seni cadas kawasan Liang Kabori Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan potensi ancaman yang dihadapi.
    Data penelitian bersumber dari penelusuran pustaka, observasi dan wawancara. Fokus data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sumberdaya arkeologi, data kerusakan, data pengelolaan saat ini, dan pandangan masyarakat. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis potensi ancaman dan analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Hasil analisis kemudian menjadi pijakan untuk merancang strategi pelestarian berdasarkan pendekatan The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI). 
    Penelitian ini mendapatkan 9 potensi ancaman kerusakan yang terdiri dari faktor alami dan antropogenik. Hasil analisis potensi ancaman pada 43 situs menunjukkan kerusakan seni cadas kawasan Liang Kabori berada pada kategori tingkat aman sampai rusak parah dan tingkat potensi ancaman situs berada pada kategori sedang sampai tinggi.
    Penelitian ini merekomendasikan strategi pelestarian berdasarkan pendekatan GCI, yaitu prinsip 1: penguatan media sosial, sosialisasi ke berbagai elemen masyarakat, pengembangan wisata seni cadas. Prinsip 2: penguatan kelompok masyarakat pengrajin kain tenun. Prinsip 3: pengaturan vegetasi. Prinsip 4: peningkatan fasilitas pendukung program pelestarian. Prinsip 5: pelibatan masyarakat sebagai juru pelihara, pelibatan masyarakat sebagai polisi khusus cagar budaya. Prinsip 6: kajian pemicu kerusakan khususnya pengamatan rembesan air, pemantauan kondisi seni cadas secara digital. Prinsip 7: pemasangan papan informasi situs, pemasangan pagar pembatas area pengunjung. Prinsip 8: pengembangan kapasitas masyarakat.

The changes in the condition of rock art that occur continuously in the rock art of the Liang Kabori Sites Southeast Sulawesi are caused by various natural and anthropogenic factors. The purpose of this research is to produce a strategy for preserving rock art in the Liang Kabori Sites Southeast Sulawesi based on the potential threats it faces.
    The data source is based on literature research, observation, and interviews. The focus of the data collected is archaeological resource data, damage, current management, and community views. The analysis used is an analysis of potential threats and SWOT analysis. The results of the analysis are then used as a basis for designing preservation strategies based on the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) approach.
    This study found nine potential threats of damage consisting of natural and anthropogenic factors. The results of the potential threat analysis on 43 sites show that the damage to the rock art of the Liang Kabori Sites is in the category of safe to severely damaged levels and the potential threat level for each site is in the medium to high category.
    This study recommends conservation strategies based on the GCI approach, namely principle 1: strengthening social media, socialization to various elements of society, developing rock art tourism. Principle 2: strengthening community groups of woven cloth craftsmen. Principle 3: vegetation settings. Principle 4: improvement of facilities supporting the preservation program. Principle 5: community involvement as custodians, community involvement as special cultural heritage police. Principle 6: assessment of damage triggers, especially observation of water seepage, digital monitoring of rock art conditions. Principle 7: installation of site information boards, installation of visitor area guardrails. Principle 8: building local capacity.

Kata Kunci : Liang Kabori, GCI, seni cadas, potensi ancaman, SWOT, pelestarian