Objektifikasi dan Male Gaze dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Zou no Shoumetsu Karya Murakami Haruki

WILUJENG DWI K W, Drs. Eman Suherman, M.Hum.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA JEPANG

Zou no Shoumetsu merupakan kumpulan cerpen karya Murakami Haruki yang memuat 17 cerita pendek di dalamnya. Terbit sebagai koleksi cerpen pertama kali dalam versi bahasa Inggris pada tahun 1993 dan versi bahasa Jepangnya menyusul pada tahun 2005. Kumpulan cerpen ini dipilih sebagai objek material karena selain cerpen-cerpennya yang menarik, penulis menemukan bahwa tokoh perempuan dalam kumpulan cerpen tersebut cukup banyak di objektifikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis bentuk-bentuk objektifikasi dan male gaze yang terjadi pada cerpen-cerpen dalam kumpulan cerpen Zou no Shoumetsu. Dalam meneliti kumpulan cerpen Zou no Shoumetsu, penulis menggunakan teori Male Gaze Laura Mulvey, teori Objektifikasi Martha Nussbaum, dan Wacana Struktural Mick Short. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membaca ketujuh belas cerpen, kemudian narasi yang menunjukkan adanya objektifikasi dianalisis menggunakan teori Objektifikasi Martha Nussbaum. Selanjutnya, narasi yang menunjukkan seksualisasi terhadap tokoh perempuan dianalisis menggunakan teori Male Gaze. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima cerpen yang menunjukkan adanya objektifikasi dan male gaze pada tokoh perempuan. Bentuk-bentuk objektifikasi seperti denial of subjectivity, reduction to appearance, fungibility, dan instrumentality ditemukan dalam cerpen berjudul Kangaruu Tsuushin, Shigatsu no Aru Hareta Asa ni Hyaku Paasento Onna No Ko ni Deau Koto ni Tsuite, Famirii Afea, dan Mado, sedangkan male gaze ditemukan dalam cerpen berjudul Nejimakitori to Kayoubi no Onnatachi dan cerpen Shigatsu no Aru Hareta Asa ni Hyaku Paasento Onna No Ko ni Deau Koto ni Tsuite.

Zou no Shoumetsu is a short stories collection that consists of 17 stories written by Murakami Haruki. The collection was first published in its English version in 1993, followed by the Japanese version that was published in 2005. Each short story in this collection has an interesting story and characterization, such as the way the male protagonist, who is also the narrator of the story, describes some of the female characters with such narration that indicates objectification. Thus, Zou no Shoumetsu was chosen as the material object of this study. This study was conducted to analyze the forms of objectification and male gaze that occurs on female characters in the short stories. Laura Mulvey Male Gaze, Objectification by Martha Nussbaum, and structural discourse by Mick Short are used to analyze short stories in Zou no Shoumetsu short stories collection. The data were collected by reading all of the short stories, all the narrations that show any form of objectification of women will be analyzed with Martha Nussbaum theory of objectification. And the narrations that sexualized the female characters through men eyes will be analyzed with Laura Mulvey famous cinema theory, the male gaze theory. While Mick Short structural discourse is important to make adjustments to make male gaze theory applicable not only for cinema analysis but also for literature analysis. The research resulted that there are five short stories that contain objectification and the male gaze on the female characters. Forms of objectification such as denial of subjectivity, reduction to appearance, fungibility, and instrumentality were found in Kangaruu Tsuushin, Shigatsu no Aru Hareta Asa ni Hyaku Paasento Onna No Ko ni Deau Koto ni Tsuite, Famirii Afea, and Mado whilst male gaze was found Nejimaki Tori to Kayoubi no Onnatachi and Shigatsu no Aru Hareta Asa ni Hyaku Paasento Onna No Ko ni Deau Koto ni Tsuite.

Kata Kunci : male gaze, objectification, Murakami Haruki, Zou no Shoumetsu