Algoritma Filter Bubble YouTube sebagai Potensi Ancaman Eksistensi Multikulturalisme

ZARAH LYNTANG ASTITY, Dr. Rr. Siti Murtiningsih; Dr. Hastanti Widy Nugroho

2022 | Skripsi | S1 FILSAFAT

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh era digitalisasi, tercermin dari adanya jaringan media sosial yang sudah melebur dan mempengaruhi hampir di seluruh lini kehidupan manusia. Eksistensi algoritma yang dijuluki filter bubble telah menggerakkan jaringan media sosial, salah satunya YouTube dengan penggunanya yang mencapai angka miliaran. Penelitian ini berusaha menganalisis filter bubble YouTube yang secara destruktif dan signifikan mampu mengguncang ketahanan multikulturalisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yakni 1) mendeskripsikan definisi dari algoritma filter bubble; 2) menjabarkan secara rinci mekanisme filter bubble YouTube yang menyebabkan terjadinya personalisasi informasi; dan 3) menganalisis dan menjelaskan dasar ketahanan baru multikulturalisme sebagai bentuk imunitas atas filter bubble YouTube. Jenis metode hermeneutik-filosofis digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan dukungan berbagai sumber kepustakaan. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan beberapa unsur metodis, seperti deskripsi, interpretasi, heuristika, dan refleksi peneliti pribadi. Hasil penelitian disistematisasi secara komprehensif untuk menjelaskan komponen komplementer dasar ketahanan multikulturalisme. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa poin. Pertama, filter bubble pertama kali didefinisikan Eli Pariser sebagai sistem algoritma yang menyaring informasi untuk dikonsumsi oleh publik secara personal. Kedua, filter bubble YouTube merupakan jenis algoritma yang mampu melakukan spesifikasi seluruh konten video berdasarkan perilaku personal pengguna YouTube. Filter bubble YouTube juga mampu memprediksi potensi video yang akan menarik perhatian penonton melalui fitur rekomendasi. Ketiga, setelah terancam oleh filter bubble YouTube, multikulturalisme merekonstruksi komponen dasar ketahanannya dengan melibatkan, a) keseimbangan eksploratif, b) fleksibilitas kognitif, dan c) kolaborasi intersubjektif.

This research is based on the background of the digitalization era, reflected by the existence of social media networking which fused and influenced almost all of human spheres. The algorithm which is named as filter bubble has been moving the network of social media, such as YouTube and is already reaching billions of users. This thesis attempted to analyze the filter bubble on YouTube which could destructively and significantly tremble the endurance of multiculturalism. This thesis consists of three orientations, 1) describing the definition of filter bubble algorithm; 2) specifically explaining the mechanism of YouTube's filter bubble that could cause personalization of information; 3) analyzing and explaining the basis of multiculturalism endurance as forms of immunity from inadequate YouTube's filter bubble. Hermeneutic-reflective is used as the type of method in this research supported by various library resources. The results of this research is using several methodological elements, including description, interpretation, heuristic, and researcher's reflection. The results, systematically and comprehensively, are explaining complementary compounds of the multiculturalism endurance. This research obtained a few points. Firstly, the filter bubble was defined by Eli Pariser as a system of algorithms and thus to filter various information which was consumed publicly and personally. Secondly, YouTube's filter bubble is one of the algorithm types that could assemble all videos specifically based on YouTube users behavior only. YouTube's filter bubble is also able to predict potential videos that could attract the user's attention through YouTube's recommendations feature. Thirdly, after being threatened by YouTube's filter bubble, multiculturalism reconstructs the endurance compounds that includes, a) explorative balance, b) cognitive flexibility, and c) intersubjective collaboration.

Kata Kunci : filter bubble, YouTube, multikulturalisme