Karakter dan Latar Komik Sembadra Ilang: Pendekatan Narratologi Seymour Chatman dan Teori Bahasa Visual Neil Cohn

FAJAR LAKSANA, Dr. Wisma Nugraha Christianto, R., M.Hum

2021 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA JAWA

Penelitian ini menganalisis aspek fakta dalam cerita (story-existent) berupa paradigma watak dan latar pada komik bahasa Jawa berjudul Sembadra Ilang karya Hasmi yang dimuat majalah Panjebar Semangat tahun 2014� 2016. Analisis paradigma watak dipusatkan pada karakter-karakter mayor atau kunci. Adapun analisis latar didasarkan pada konteks klasifikasi kriteria dan fungsi latar terhadap karakter maupun plot cerita. Pendekatan yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah teori narratologi Seymour Chatman. Mengingat obyek kajian yang berupa komik, maka di samping menerapkan narratologi, juga digunakan teori bahasa visual komik Neil Cohn untuk mengkaji tipe pembawa, yang dimunginkan mempunyai hubungan resiprokal dengan paradigma watak karakter dan latar. Proses peneltian dikerjakan menggunakan metode riset narratologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paradigma watak karakter di dalam komik Sembadra Ilang ditentukan oleh motif pergerakan, ciri khas, konsistensi, interdepensi watak dengan kebiasaan, dan signifikasi terhadap cerita. Dari tiga belas karakter mayor yang dianalisis, terdapat empat karakter bertipe karakter terbuka, dan sembilan karakter bertipe karakter tertutup. Untuk latar, komik Sembadra Ilang mempunyai kriteria latar dan fungsi latar yang bersesuaian dengan narratologi Chatman, sehingga setiap latar di dalam komik Sembadra Ilang dapat dipastikan memiliki kriteria dan fungsi masing-masing. Terdapat empat tipe pembawa antara lain pembawa tipe (+RA +AA), (+RA -AA), (-AA +RA), dan (-RA -AA). Adapun tipe pembawa yang terdapat di dalam komik Sembadra Ilang ternyata dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen konfirmasi atas hipotesa yang dikenakan pada paradigma watak karakter dan kriteria serta fungsi latar.

The aim of this study is to analyzes the aspect of facts in the story (story-existent) in the form of a paradigm of character and setting in a Javanese comic entitled Sembadra Ilang by Hasmi which was published by Panjebar Semangat magazine in 2014 � 2016. The analyzes paradigm of traits was focused on major character or main characters. The setting analysis is based on the context of the criteria classification and the function of the setting on the characters and story plots. The approach used in this research is Seymour Chatman's theory of narratology. Considering that the object of study is in the form of comics, in addition to applying narratology, Neil Cohn's theory of comic visual language is also used to examine the type of carrier, which may have a reciprocal relationship with the paradigm of character and setting. The research process is carried out using narrative research methods. The results showed that the paradigm of character traits in Sembadra Ilang comics was determined by the motives of movement, characteristics, consistency, interdependence of character with habits, and significance to the story. Of the thirteen major characters analyzed, there are four characters of open character type, and nine characters of closed character type. For the setting, the Sembadra Ilang comic has setting criteria and setting functions that are in accordance with Chatman's narration, so that each setting in the Sembadra Ilang comic can be ascertained to have its own criteria and function. There are four types of carriers, (+RA +AA), (+RA -AA), (-AA +RA), and (-RA -AA). The type of carrier found in the Sembadra Ilang comic can actually be used as a confirmation instrument for the hypothesis imposed on the paradigm of character traits and criteria and background functions.

Kata Kunci : Komik, Sembadra Ilang, Watak, Karakter, Latar, Pembawa