PERAN DAN CITRA IBU DALAM NOVEL OKAASAN NO TSUUSHINBO KARYA MIYAGAWA HIRO: ANALISIS KRITIK SASTRA FEMINIS PERSPEKTIF RUTHVEN

IHZZA ALIEF H, Drs. Deddy H. Oekon, M.Hum.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA JEPANG

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya peran ganda Ibu yang kerap menjadi masalah dalam kehidupan keluarga maupun masyarakat. Miyagawa Hiro melalui karyanya yang berjudul Okaasan no Tsuushinbo berusaha mengangkat isu peran ganda Ibu untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai bagaimana Ibu direpresentasikan dalam karya sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tema dan fakta-fakta cerita, peran dan citra domestik dan publik Ibu, dan ide-ide feminisme dalam novel. Teori fiksi Robert Stanton digunakan untuk menganalisis tema dan fakta-fakta cerita. Kemudian, teori kritik sastra feminis perspektif Ruthven digunakan untuk menganalisis peran dan citra Ibu. Dalam menganalisis peran dan citra Ibu, peneliti juga memaparkan konstruksi sosial masyarakat Jepang terkait konsep Ibu ideal. Melalui data yang dikumpulkan berupa narasi dan dialog antar tokoh, diperoleh gambaran mengenai peran dan citra Ibu serta ide-ide feminisme dalam novel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan tema dan fakta-fakta cerita yang mengungkapkan masalah peran ganda Ibu. Selain itu, ditemukan juga ideologi keibuan, ryousai kenbou, dan ideologi rumah tangga sebagai salah satu bentuk konstruksi sosial masyarakat Jepang terkait Ibu ideal. Peran Ibu yang muncul yaitu sebagai Ibu Rumah Tangga, orang tua, pencari nafkah, dan guru sekolah dasar. Sedangkan citra Ibu yang dimunculkan yaitu citra Ibu pemaaf, ramah, bertanggung jawab, rajin bekerja, suka bertukar cerita, guru yang gesit dan guru yang selalu berusaha. Ide-ide feminisme dalam novel yaitu peran ganda Ibu dan upayanya dalam mencapai kesetaraan gender, Ibu sebagai perempuan yang tegas, kuat, dan mandiri, dan Ibu dapat bekerja sesuai dengan keinginanya.

This research based on the double roles of Mother who often cause problems in family and society. Miyagawa Hiro through her work entitled Okaasan no Tsuushinbo tries to bring up the issue of Mother's double roles to provide an overview of how a Mother is represented in literary works. This research aimed to identifying the themes and facts of the story, the roles and the images of Mother, and the ideas of feminism in the novel. The researcher used Robert Stanton's fiction theory to analyzed the themes and facts of the story. Then, the researcher used Ruthven's perspective of feminist literary criticism to analyzed the roles and images of Mother. The researcher also described the social construction of Japanese society regarding the concept of the ideal Mother. Through the compiled data, including narration and dialogue between characters, an overview of the role and image of the Mother as well as the ideas of feminism in the novel was gathered. The results indicated that the themes and facts of the story reveal the problem of double role of Mother. Furthermore, there is found that the ideology of motherhood, ryousai kenbou, and the ideology of the household is forms of social construction in Japanese society related to the ideal Mother. The roles of Mother that emerged is as housewives, parents, breadwinners, and elementary school teachers. Meanwhile, the image of a Mother that emerged is as a forgiving mother, friendly, responsible, diligent at working, likes to exchange stories, a nimble teacher, and a teacher who always tries. The ideas of feminism expressed in the novel are the double role of Mother and her efforts in achieving gender equality, Mother as a woman who is firm, strong, and independent, and Mother can work according to her wishes.

Kata Kunci : peran Ibu, citra Ibu, kritik sastra feminis perspektif Ruthven, Ide-ide feminisme./ Mother's role, Mother's image, feminist literary criticism Ruthven's perspective, Ideas of feminism.