PENGASUHAN SANTRI PENGHAFAL AL-QUR'AN: STUDI KASUS DI PONDOK TAHFIDH YANBU'UL QUR'AN ANAK-ANAK KUDUS

MOH ALWI YUSRON, Prof. Drs. Subandi, M.A., Ph.D.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Pengasuhan berperan dalam membantu proses resiliensi, regulasi diri, pencapaian kesejahteraan psikologis, serta peningkatan motivasi penghafal Al-Qur'an. Tinggal di asrama pada usia anak-anak beresiko pada hilangnya kelekatan dasar mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami pola dan dinamika pengasuhan santri penghafal Al-Qur'an di pondok tahfidh anak serta menggali model pengasuhan santri penghafal Al-Qur'an. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah tiga asatidz pengasuh santri dan 11 informan crosscheck, yang meliputi delapan santri sebagai informan pelaku, serta dua orangtua santri dan satu orang staf kantor pondok sebagai informan tahu. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengasuhan santri penghafal Al-Qur'an merupakan pengasuhan terpadu antara figur-figur asatidz pengasuh santri, dukungan orangtua santri, dan sistem pondok. Ditemukan sembilan tema terkait proses pengasuhan yang bisa digambarkan seperti mengerami anak ayam (ngengkremi) yang meliputi; menjadi teladan santri, membangun kedekatan dengan santri, melayani kebutuhan santri, menyelesaikan masalah santri, memberi dukungan batin, mengarahkan santri, membiasakan santri berdisiplin, melatih kemandirian santri, serta mengawal santri. Pengasuh santri memiliki prinsip yang meliputi; keikhlasan, kasih sayang, kesabaran, ketegasan, dan konsistensi. Orangtua santri memberi dukungan terhadap pengasuhan melalui 'sambangan', kepercayaan kepada pondok, dan dukungan batin. Peran sistem pondok dalam pengasuhan santri meliputi; standardisasi input santri dan figur pengasuh, meningkatkan kualitas kelekatan santri, dan menciptakan lingkungan positif. Aspek transendental merupakan aspek khusus model pengasuhan santri penghafal Al-Qur'an yang membedakannya dengan model pengasuhan barat.

Parenting plays a role in helping the process of resilience, self-regulation, achieving the psychological well-being, and improving the motivation of person who memorizing the Qur'an. Children sent away to boarding school at an early age suffer loss of their primary attachments. The present study aims to understand the patterns of parenting of students who memorizing The Qur'an in pondok and it's dynamics, and also to explore the model of parenting of students who memorizing the Qur'an. This research uses qualitative approach with case study method. The participants are three teachers as students caregivers and 11 informants which consist of eight students, two parents of students and an office staff of the pondok. This study found that the parenting of students who memorizing the Qur'an is an integrated parenting between the figures of students caregivers, the support of students parents, and the system of pondok. The parenting process includes; becoming the model of students, building closeness with students, serving the needs of students, solving students' problem, giving inner support, directing students, accustoming students' discipline, training the independence of students, and guiding students. Students' caregivers have five principles; sincerity, love, patience, firmness, and consistency. Parents of students give support to parenting process through a 'sambangan', trust in the pondok, and inner support. The role of the system of pondok in parenting includes; input standardization of students and figures of students caregivers, improving the quality of students attachment, and creating a positive environment. The transcendental aspect distinguishes the model of parenting of students who memorizing the Qur'an from the western parenting model.

Kata Kunci : Pengasuhan, santri anak, ustadz, pondok pesantren tahfidh, menghafal Al-Qur'an