EVALUASI ADVERSE EVENT DAN PENATALAKSANAANNYA DALAM PENGGUNAAN ANTIPSIKOTIK PADA PENDERITA SKIZOFRENIA DI RSJ PROF.DR.SOEROJO MAGELANG DAN RSJD DR. AMINO GONDOHUTOMO PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH PERIODE JANUARI-JUNI 2015

DIAN RIMA MAYANGSARI, Prof. Dr. Zullies Ikawati., Apt ., dr. Cecep Sugeng K. Sp. KJ (K)

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Penyakit skizofrenia adalah suatu sindrom heterogen kronis yang ditandai dengan pola pikir yang tidak teratur, waham, halusinasi, perubahan perilaku yang tidak tepat serta adanya gangguan fungsi psikososial. Pengobatan skizofrenia diberikan dalam jangka waktu yang lama sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan adverse event antara lain berupa gangguan ekstrapiramidal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi kejadian adverse event serta penatalaksanaannya pada pengobatan skizofrenia dengan obat antipsikotik di RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang dan RSJD DR. Amino Gondohutomo Provinsi Jawa Tengah Periode Januari-Juni 2015. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian observasional mengikuti rancangan penelitian deskriptif non eksperimental. Data adverse event didapat dengan melakukan penelusuran secara retrospektif terhadap rekam medis dan diskusi dengan konsultan pembimbing penelitian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 31 kejadian adverse event yang terekam dialami oleh pasien selama masa rawat inap di rumah sakit penelitian. Pasien yang terekam mengalami adverse event pada pemakaian antipsikotik tipikal sebanyak 2,93% (6 kasus), pada pemakaian antipsikotik atipikal sebanyak 8,78% (18 kasus) dan pada antipsikotik kombinasi tipikal-atipikal 3,41% (7 kasus). Adverse event yang muncul adalah berupa gangguan ekstrapiramidal pada 31 kasus yang terekam di catatan medis berupa tremor, sindrom parkinsonisme dan distonia akut, sedangkan adverse event yang muncul selain gangguan ekstrapiramidal sebanyak 7 kasus diantaranya adalah peningkatan nafsu makan, ansietas, pusing dan diare. Tatalaksana adverse event yang telah diberikan berupa pemberian terapi tambahan anti parkinson triheksifenidil 2mg-4mg sehari, injeksi sulfa atropin dan injeksi difenhidramin serta perubahan terapi antipsikotik.

Schizophrenia is a cronics heterogenous syndrom which signed by uncontrolled mind, delution, hallucination,abnormal change of social behaviour and abnormal psychosocial function. Therapy of schizophrenia given in a long and continous time which possible to produce adverse event to the patient such as problem on extrapiramydal symptom. This study want to know and evaluate the accident of adverse event and also the management of adverse event in schizophrenia therapy with antipsychotic drugs at RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang and RSJD DR. Amino Gondohutomo Central Java Province in Januari-Juni 2015 period. This study is an observasional study which is part of non experimental descriptive methode. Adverse event collect by studying patient�s medical record and observation in retrospective way and also discussion with expert of psychiatrist as study counselor. Collected data then descriptively analized. Observation in this study collect total of 31 accident, in which thus 31 medical record writed adverse event that experienced by patients during inhospital time therapy in this period of study. Patient that recorded adverse event with typical antipsychotic use as therapy are 2,93%% (6 cases), patient with atypical antipsychotic use are 8,78% (18 cases) and patient with combination of antipsychotic typical-atypical use are 3,41% (7 cases). Adverse event that can be seen as experienced in patient are sypmtom of extrapyramidal side effect in 31 cases which recorded as parkinsonisme syndrom and acute dystonia. Other side effect is non extrapyramidal symptom in 7 cases, recorded as increased need to eat, anciety, headache and diarrhea. Managements of adverse event that done by the institution are giving antiparkinson therapy with Trihexyphenidil 2-4 mg a day, 1 ampul of sulfas atropin injection and 1 ampul difenhidramine injection, and also changing antipsychotic therapy. Keywords : adverse event, schizophrenia, antipsychotic, management of adverse event

Kata Kunci : adverse event, skizofrenia, antipsikotik, tatalaksana adverse event, adverse event, schizophrenia, antipsychotic, management of adverse event