Active Commuting to the University (Case Study: Students of Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia)

MUTIASARI KURNIA D, Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Malkhamah, M.Sc

2015 | Tesis | S2 Sistem dan Teknik Transportasi

Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari penggunaan kendaraan bermotor serta menciptakan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan di wilayah kampus, perlu adanya dorongan untuk pergantian moda transportasi di kalangan mahasiswa. Moda transportasi aktif seperti berjalan kaki, bersepeda, dan penggunaan transportasi umum dapat menjadi moda transportasi alternatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku perjalanan mahasiswa Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), khususnya active commuting untuk perjalanan ke kampus. Potensi untuk active commuting dijelaskan dengan menggunakan transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change dari Prochaska dan DiClemente (1982). Tiga konsep dalam model ini digunakan yaitu stages of change, self-efficacy, dan decisional balance. Analisis korelasi dilakukan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana motivator dan hambatan untuk active commuting berhubungan dengan stages of change. Selanjutnya, uji ANOVA dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi antara mahasiswa pada tiap tahapan stages of change terhadap motivator dan hambatan. Kuesioner disebarkan ke mahasiswa aktif dimana 417 tanggapan yang valid terkumpul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada potensi bagi mahasiswa untuk menggunakan moda transportasi aktif dimana terdapat presentase cukup besar dari mahasiswa yang melaporkan kepercayaan diri yang tinggi untuk melakukan active commuting, terutama berjalan kaki dan bersepeda. Selanjutnya, siswa di semua tahapan stages of change merasa lebih termotivasi terhadap perbaikan fasilitas bersepeda. Di sisi lain, siswa di semua tahapan stages of change melaporkan bahwa adanya mobilitas dan aktivitas yang tinggi sebagai hambatan terbesar. Mengenai persepsi terhadap motivator dan hambatan untuk active commuting, hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara mahasiswa di seluruh tahapan stages of change dalam hal persepsi terhadap pentingnya setiap item dalam memotivasi dan menghambat mereka untuk actice commuting. Perbedaan terutama muncul antara mereka pada tahap awal stages of change dan mereka yang berada di tahap akhir stages of change. Dalam rangka menambah active commuting di UGM, beberapa strategi diusulkan yaitu: mengurangi hambatan untuk active commuting, meningkatkan layanan angkutan umum, meningkatkan fasilitas berjalan kaki dan bersepeda, dan memperkenalkan program untuk membatasi penggunaan kendaraan bermotor.

In order to alleviate the negative impacts of motorized vehicle use as well as create sustainable environment within campus area, it is important to encourage mode shifting among university students. Active transport modes such as walking, cycling, and using public transport can be considered as alternative modes. This study conducted to investigate Gadjah Mada University (GMU) students’ travel behavior, particularly active commuting to the university. The potential for active commuting were examined by using transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change from Prochaska and DiClemente (1982). Three key constructs in this model were used which are stages of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. Correlation analysis was employed to elaborate how motivators and barriers for active commuting relate to stages of change. Furthermore, ANOVA test was carried out to identify the perceptions between students across stages of change towards motivators and barriers. Questionnaires were disseminated to active students and 417 valid responses were gathered. Results showed that there were some potential changing for students to use active modes where a sizeable proportion of students reported high confidence to actively commute, particularly walking and cycling. Furthermore, students in all stages of change were more motivated towards cycling improvements. In the other hand, students in all stages of change reported having high mobilities and activities to be the biggest barrier. Regarding the perception towards motivators and barriers to actively commute, results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between students across stages of change level in perceiving the importance of each items in motivating and hindering them to actively commute. The differences particularly appeared between those in the early stages of change and those in the late stages of change. In order to increase the level of active commuting among students, several strategies are proposed which are: reducing barriers to actively commute, improving public transport services, improving walking and cycling facilities, and introducing programs to discourage motorized vehicle use.

Kata Kunci : active commuting, active transports, stages of change.