Daya Saing Ekspor Cengkeh Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

PUTRI PERDANA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, M.S.; Dr. Jamhari, S.P., M.P.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 SOSIAL EKONOMI PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia dan negara pesaing utamanya di pasar internasional selama periode 1982-2013, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia di pasar internasional, dan (3) menganalisis struktur pasar cengkeh dunia. Daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia dan negara pesaingnya diukur menggunakan indikator RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), AR (Acceleration Ratio), ISP (Trade Specialization Index) dan IPP (Market Penetration Indeks). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Struktur pasar cengkeh dunia diukur dengan menggunakan indikator HHI (Herfindahl Hirscman Index). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Indonesia memiliki indeks RCA 0,38; nilai AR 1,12; dan nilai ISP 0,47; serta nilai IPP yang positif (kisaran 0,06-0,36) berarti bahwa daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia dan negara pesaingnya di pasar internasional memiliki keunggulan komparatif di atas rata-rata (daya saing kuat), namun indikator daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia masih dibawah kelima negara pesaingnya. Peran Indonesia sebagai net eksportir masih dalam tahap perluasan ekspor mampu merebut pangsa pasar cengkeh dunia secara intensif (vertikal). (2) Daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia di pasar internasional dipengaruhi secara positif oleh rasio harga cengkeh Indonesia terhadap dunia dan volume ekspor cengkeh Indonesia serta dipengaruhi secara negatif oleh nilai tukar rupiah terhadap US$. (3) Pasar cengkeh dunia termasuk dalam struktur pasar oligopoli. Kata kunci: daya saing, cengkeh, struktur pasar

This study is purposed to analyze: (1) the Indonesian cloves export competitiveness and its prime competitor countries during 1982-2013, (2) some factors which influence the Indonesian cloves export competitiveness, and (3) to analyze the structure of the world cloves markets. The Indonesian cloves export competitiveness and its prime countries were measured by using RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), AR (Acceleration Ratio), ISP (Trade Specialization Index) and IPP (Market Penetration Index). Some factors which influence the Indonesian cloves export competitiveness were analyzed using multiple linier regression analysis. The structure of the world cloves markets was measured using HHI indicators (Herfindahl Hirscman Index). The result showed that: (1) Indonesia have 0.38 on RCA, 1.12 on AR, 0.47 on ISP, and IPP was positif (the range is 0.06-0.36). It means the Indonesian cloves export competitiveness and its prime competitor countries have comparative advantage over the average in the international markets (strong competitiveness). Indonesian cloves export value is in fifth rate under its competitor countries, Indonesian role which is a net exporter and still in the export expansion stage is able to take the world cloves market share (vertically). (2) The Indonesian cloves export competitiveness in the international market has been influenced positively by Indonesian cost ratio to the world and Indonesian cloves export volume, it has been influenced negatively by rupiahs exchange rate to US$. And (3) the world cloves market has been included in a such kind of oligopoly market structure. Keywords: competitiveness, cloves, market structure

Kata Kunci : daya saing, cengkeh, struktur pasar