KINERJA PETUGAS COLD CHAIN DALAM MENGELOLA VAKSIN CAMPAK PADA FASILITAS KESEHATAN DI KOTA JAMBI

HILDA GUMAYANTI, Prof. dr. Djauhar Ismail, Sp.A(K), MPH, Ph.D.; Prof. dr. Mohammad Hakimi, Sp.OG(K), Ph.D

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi cakupan imunisasi campak Indonesia tahun 2011 sebesar 93,6% dan 97,7% tahun 2012, sedangkan di Propinsi Jambi tahun 2011 cakupan imunisasi sebesar 80,5% dan tahun 2012 sebesar 98,7%. Penyimpanan vaksin membutuhkan suatu perhatian khusus karena vaksin merupakan produk biologis yang rentan memiliki karakteristik tertentu sehingga memerlukan penanganan khusus. Berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengelolaan vaksin telah dilakukan berupa pelatihan tenaga petugas cold chain maupun penggantian peralatan cold chain yang umumnya lebih banyak ditujukkan ke Puskesmas. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan kinerja petugas cold chain dengan manajemen/ mengelola vaksin campak pada fasilitas kesehatan di kota Jambi. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi adalah semua bidan atau petugas pengelola cold chain bertugas di rumah sakit, klinik swasta dan puskesmas berjumlah 40 orang di wilayah Kota Jambi tahun 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling dengan kriteria inklusi bidan atau pengelola cold chain yang bertugas di rumah sakit, klinik swasta dan puskesmas di Kota Jambi dan bertugas minimal 1 tahun sebagai pengelola cold chain. Kriteria eksklusi adalah petugas pengelola cold chain sedang cuti atau mengikuti pendidikan sehingga pelayanan kesehatan tidak optimal. Variabel penelitian ini meliputi: variabel terikat adalah kualitas cold chain, variabel bebas adalah kinerja petugas cold chain, dan variabel luar adalah masa kerja, pendidikan dan pelatihan. Analisa data yang digunakan yaitu: univariabel, bivariabel, dan multivariabel dengan menggunakan uji chi square (x2) tingkat kemaknaan p < 0.05 dan confidence interval 95 % dan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Ada hubungan bermakna antara kinerja dengan kualitas cold chain (p < 0.05) secara praktis menunjukkan korelatif positif (r = 0.49). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kinerja dengan kualitas cold chain, semakin baik kinerja petugas pengelola cold chain maka kualitas cold chain akan semakin baik. Masa kerja dan pelatihan berhubungan dengan kualitas cold chain sedangkan pendidikan tidak berhubungan.

Background: The prevalence of measles immunization coverage of Indonesia in 2011 amounted to 93.6% and 97.7% in 2012, while in Jambi Province in 2011 the immunization coverage amounted to 80.5% and in 2012 amounted to 98.7%. Vaccine storage requires a special attention because the vaccine is a biological product that is prone to have certain characteristics that require special handling. Various efforts to improve the quality of management of vaccine have been conducted in the form of training of cold chain personnel and cold chain equipment replacement which are generally more addressed to the community health center. Objective: To determine the relationship of cold chain officer's performance with the management measles vaccine at health facilities in Jambi municipality. Methods: The study was an observational study with cross sectional design with quantitative approach. Population was all midwives or cold chain management officers on duty in hospitals, private clinics and health centers namely 40 people in Jambi municipality in 2013. Technique sampling was total sampling with inclusion criteria was midwife or cold chain managers on duty at hospitals, private clinics and clinics in Jambi municipality and worked at least one year as manager of cold chain. Exclusion criteria were cold chain management officers is on leave or took part in education so that health services are not optimal. The variables of the study include: the dependent variable was the quality of cold chain, the independent variable was the performance of cold chain officer, and external variable was period of employment, education and training. Analysis of data used namely: univariable, bivariable, and multivariable using the t-test significance level p<0.05 and 95% confidence intervals and linear regression test. Results: The cold chain officer's performance dealing with the quality of the cold chain. Good performance of cold chain officer statistically and practically related to the quality of cold chain, with a p value of <0.05, and the value of confident interval was 0.06-0.25 which practically indicated a positive correlative (r = 0.49). Conclusion: There was significant correlation between performance and quality of the cold chain, the better the cold chain performance management officers, will get better quality of the cold chain. Period of employment and training related to the quality of cold chain while the education was not related.

Kata Kunci : Kinerja petugas, rantai vaksin, campak, Officer's performance, vaccine chain, measles