THERMAL COMFORT IN AIR-CONDITIONED OFFICE BUILDING (CASE STUDY IN PT SARIHUSADA GENERASI MAHARDHIKA YOGYAKARTA)

BINDA ANISSA, Ir. Rini Dharmastiti, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2014 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Kenyamanan termal merupakan salah satu hal penting untuk menunjang produktivitas seseorang dalam bekerja. Kenyamanan termal didefinisikan oleh ASHRAE Standard 55 (2013) sebagai kondisi dari pikiran yang mengekspresikan kenyamanan terhadap lingkungan dan diukur dengan evaluasi subjektif. Penelitian mengenai kenyamanan termal di dalam gedung perkantoran atau perumahan telah banyak dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kenyamanan termal dan memberikan rekomendasi di gedung kantor berpendinginruangan dari PT Sarihusada Generasi Mahardhika Yogyakarta (SH1). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Green Room, ruang kantor terbesar di SH1 dengan melibatkan 28 pekerja yang sudah menempati ruangan minimal selama tiga bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama sembilan hari pada bulan Agustus hingga awal September 2014. Objek penelitian pada penelitian ini meliputi data objektif (suhu ruangan, suhu radian, suhu WBGT, kelembaban udara dan kecepatan angin) yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan heat stress monitors dan data subjektif diketahui dari kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada subjek penelitian. Pengambilan data objektif dan subjektif dilakukan secara bersamaan sebanyak dua kali dalam satu hari penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengkondisian ruangan dengan suhu set-point pendingin ruangan pada kondisi (1) Normal (subjek bebas melakukan pengkondisian suhu ruangan seperti biasa), (2) 25oC (standar maksimal suhu set-point pendingin ruangan di kantor SH1), (3) 27oC (suhu set-point pendingin ruangan yang lebih tinggi dari standar SH1). Masing-masing pengkondisian dilakukan selama tiga hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suhu ruangan rata-rata sebesar 27.3oC, suhu radian sebesar 28.2oC, suhu operatif sebesar 28oC, suhu WBGT sebesar 22.8oC, kelembaban udara 47% dan aliran udara 0.2 m/s, rata-rata level aktivitas sebesar 1.1 met dan rata-rata nilai insulasi pakaian sebesar 0.57 clo. Sedangkan suhu nyaman pada ruangan ini adalah sebesar 23oC (WBGT), 27oC (suhu ruangan), dan 27.7oC (suhu operatif). Hasil respon termal subjektif menunjukkan bahwa subjek cenderung tidak puas dengan kondisi ruangan. Selain itu tercatat juga bahwa subjek melakukan banyak adaptasi untuk menyesuaikan dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah (1) memindahkan subjek yang berada di dekat pendingin ruangan atau mengubah tata letak ruangan (2) memberikan kipas angin atau personal fan untuk subjek yang cenderung merasakan sensasi hangat atau panas (3) memberikan partisi akrilik pada pendingin ruangan yang letaknya dekat dengan subjek (4) tetap memberlakukan set-point suhu pada pendingin ruangan minimal 25oC.

Thermal comfort is considered as an important thing to support human productivity. Based on ASHRAE Standard 55 (2013), thermal comfort is defined as "the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation." The research on thermal comfort in the building has been widely performed around the world. The purposes of this research were to evaluate thermal comfort and give recommendations in the air-conditioned office building of PT Sarihusada Generation Mahardhika Yogyakarta (SH1). This research was conducted in the Green Room, the largest office room in SH1 by involving 28 healthy regular occupants who have been occupied in a cubicle and in the room for at least three months. The study was conducted for nine days in August to early September 2014. The indoor climate (air temperature, radiant temperature, WBGT, air humidity, air velocity) was measured by heat stress monitors and the subjective thermal responses were measured by the questionnaires. Both indoor climate and subjective thermal responses were measured simultaneously twice in a day. This research was performed by setting temperature set-point in air conditioning at (1) Normal condition (the subjects could adjust the room temperature as usual daily basis), (2) 25°C (maximum standard temperature set-point of air conditioning for office rooms in SH1), and (3) 27oC (higher temperature set-point than the company's standard). Each of the conditioning was performed for three days. The results of this research were: mean indoor air temperature was at 27.3oC, mean indoor radiant temperature at 28.2°C, mean indoor operative temperature at 28oC, mean indoor WBGT at 22.8°C, mean indoor relative humidity at 47%, mean indoor air velocity at 0.2 m/s, mean activity level at 1.1 met and mean clo at 0.57 . The comfort temperatures in this room were at 23oC (WBGT), 27oC (air temperature) and 27.7oC (operative temperature). The results based on the subjective thermal responses shown that the subjects were not satisfied with the current environment. To adapt to the environment, subjects performed some behavioral adaptations. The recommendations from this study are (1) displacing the subjects who sit closely to the air conditioning or changing the room layout (2) providing fan or personal fan for the subject who tended to feel in warm sensation in this air-conditioned room (3) giving acrylic partitions on air conditioning (4) emphasizing the temperature set-point regulation for the air conditioning maximum at 25oC.

Kata Kunci : Thermal comfort, air-conditioned office building, subjective thermal responses, comfort temperature