PENGARUH PROGRAM ORIENTASI TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI RELAWAN SUATU LEMBAGA SWADAYA MASYARAKAT DI YOGYAKARTA

Sarungu, Theodora Cahyani Melona , Dra. Supra Wimbarti, M.Sc., Ph.D., Psi.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi Psikologi

Program orientasi adalah suatu proses pengenalan terhadap organisasi dan pekerjaan yang diselenggarakan oleh organisasi bagi pekerja baru untuk membantunya menyesuaikan diri secara efektif dengan pekerjaannya. Komitmen organisasi merupakan tingkat keterikatan dan loyalitas seseorang terhadap organisasi Komitmen organisasi memiliki tiga komponen yaitu komitmen afektif, berkelanjutan, dan normatif. Program orientasi meliputi pemberian surat selamat datang, sesi di kelas, observasi dan asistensi di lapangan, serta pertemuan dengan kelompok dan relawan senior, yang dilaksanakan dalam waktu empat minggu sejak relawan mulai bekerja. Pengaruh program orientasi terhadap komitmen organisasi diukur menggunakan skala komitmen organisasi dari Allen & Meyer ( 1997), yang diadaptasi ke dalam konteks relawan Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 21 orang relawan baru di suatu Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Anak di Yogyakarta, yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol Hasll analisa dengan menggunakan teknik Mann-Whitney U. menunjukkan bahwa kelompok relawan baru yang mengikuti program orientasi memiliki tingkat komrtmen afektif yang lebn tinggi dan kelompok yang tldak mengikuti program orientasi (U = 3, p < 0,05) dan tidak ada perbedaan tingkat komitmen normatif di antara kedua kelompok (U = 13, p > 0,05). Selain itu , diperoleh hasil bahwa komitmen berkelanjutan kelompok yang mengikuti program orientasi lebih tinggi daripada kelompok yang tidak mengikuti program orientasi (U = 9,5, p < 0,05), namun hasil dari uji Wilcoxon terhadap kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa program orientasi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap komitmen berkelanjutan (z = -0,416, p > 0,05). Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini yang menyatakan bahwa kelompok yang mengikuti program orientasi memilik.i komitmen afektif yang lebih tinggi dari kelompok yang tldak mengikuti program orientasi terbukti Hipotesis yang menyatakan kelompok yang mengikut program orientasi memilik.i komitmen normatif yang lebih tinggi daripada kelompok yang tidak mengikuti program orientasi tidak terbukti. Hipotesis yang menyatakan tidak ada perbedaan komitmen berkelanjutan antara kelompok yang mengikuti program orientasi dengan kelompok yang tidak mengikuti program orientasi Juga tidak terbukti. Kata kunci: program orientasi, komitmen organisasi, relawan

This study aimed at investigating the influence of the orientation program on organizational commitment Orientation program is an introduction to the organization and role of the newcomers in an organization, conducted by the organization for newcomers to help them adjust to the job effectively Organizational commitment is a level of attachment and loyalty to the organization Organizational commitment has three components effective continuous. and normative commitment. The orientation program consisted of giving a welcome letter to the volunteer. organization and job preview in the class. observation and assistance session. and also diiscussion with a senior volunteer and fellow volunteers It was held Within the first four weeks of employment. The effect of the orientation program on organizational commitment was measured by organizational commitment scale. developed by Allen & Meyer's (1997), adapted by researcher for the voluntary context. A total of 21 new volunteers of a non governmental organization in Yogyakarta were participated in this research. The participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U Test Results of the analysts indicated that the new volunteer group who attended the orientation program had a higher level of effective commitment than the group that who did not attend the orientation program (U = 3, p <0.05). but there was no difference for the nonnative commitment level between the two groups (U = 13, p> 0.05) The group who attended the orientation program also had a higher level of continuance commitment than the group who did not attend the orientation program (U = 9.5. p <0 05) However. the results of the Wilcoxon test for the experimental group showed that the orientation program was not significantly affected the continuance commitment (z = -0.416. p> 0 05) The hypothesis in this study t-vtuch stated that the group who participated in the orientation program has a higher level of affected commitment than groups who did not attend was accepted. The hypothesis which stated that the group who attended the orientation program has a higher level of normative commitment than the group who did not participated was rejected. The hypothesis which stated that there is no difference between the group who participated in orientation program and the group who did not participated was also rejected Key words : orientation program. organizational commitment. volunteers

Kata Kunci : program orientasi, komitmen organisasi, relawan