Potensi nutrisi berbagai bahan pakan hijauan yang mengandung tanin dan efektivitasnya sebagai anti parasit dalam mendukung kinerja ternak kambing bligon

DARYATMO, Joko, Promotor Dr. Ir. Hari Hartadi, M.Sc

2010 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi nutrisi dan efektivitas berbagai tanaman hijauan pakan ternak yang mengandung tanin sebagai anti parasit dalam mendukung kinerja ternak kambing di negara tropik khususnya Indonesia. Sembilan belas bahan pakan hijauan digunakan sebagai materi penelitian tahap I, untuk mengidentifikasi hijauan pakan yang mengandung tanin serta mengevaluasi potensi nutrisinya dengan analisis komposisi kimia dan kecemaan secara in vitro; tahap II, lima belas bahan pakan hijauan discreening secara in vitro untuk mengetabui efektivitasnya sebagai anti parasit; tahap ill percobaan in vivo dua bahan pakan hijauan terpilih yaitu daun ketela dan daun pepaya, yang mempunyai kecemaan in vitro dan berpotensi anthelmintik cukup baik sebagai suplemen pakan ternak kambing. Delapan belas ekor kambing bligon betina dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok Kontrol (K) yang diberi pakan 1 000/o rumput raja ad lib, kelompok T.1 diberi pakan 70% rumput raja dan 30% daun ketela pohon dan kelompok T.2 diberi pakan 70% rumput raja dan 30% daun pepaya. Hasil penelitian tabap I menunjukkan bahwa metode preparasi dan pengeringan dari sampel pakan dapat mempengaruhi volume produksi gas. Sampel segar dapat meningkatkan volume produksi gas dibandingkan sampel FD maupun sampel OD. Penambahan PEG, mampu meningkatkan produksi gas pada seluruh sampel tanaman yang diteliti kecuali pada sampel rumput dan daun pisang. Daun pepaya (Carica papaya), ketela pohon (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dan turi (Sesbania grandiflora), tercatat memiliki kecemaan in vitro lebih tinggi dibanding spesies lain yang diteliti, karena memiliki laju produksi gas yang tinggi dan potensial produksi gas yang relatif tinggi dengan atau tanpa penambahan PEG. Hasil penelitian tahap II; pada screening in vitro pada cacing dewasa, pada konsentrasi yang meningkat, jumlah cacing yang mati nyata semakin banyak (P<0,05). Mortalitas cacing pada infusa daun turi 80% tertinggi dan tercepat mati yaitu (setelah 1 jam perendaman) pada infusa daun pepaya 80%. Hasil penelitian pada screening menggunakan telur cacing, daun ketela pohon, nangka, mahoni, turi, beringin dan sengon berada di peringkat atas. Sebaran kombinasi cacing dewasa dan telur cacing, daun turi, ketela pohon, nangka, beringin, mahoni, pepaya temyata berpotensi baik, sedangkan daun pisang, randu dan lamtoro, potensi anthelmintilmya yang belum tampak pada cacing dewasa, temyata bisa tampak pada telur cacing, yaitu dengan kemampuannya menghambat menetasnya telur cacing. Hasil penelitian tahap ill diperoleh data bahwa perlakuan T.1 dan T.2 dibandingkan K, dapat meningkatkan konsumsi (glkg BB/hari) berturut turut untuk BK (1 ,71; 1,72), BO (1,79; 1,41), PK (1 ,06; 0,86), LK (0,38; 0,73) dan nutrien tercerna yang lebih tinggi, dengan selisih (%) dibanding perlakuan K untuk BO (2,93; 3,8), PK (1 ,84; 1,78), LK (0,24; 0,97), serta menghasilkan pertambahan berat badan (glhari) yang lebih tinggi (11,49; 12,07) dibandingkan perlakuan K. Terr yang mendapat suplementasi daun ketela (T.1) maupun pepaya (T.2) menyeba jumlah telur cacing semakin menurun dari jumlah telur cacing sebelum peri< masing-masing sebesar 72,94% dan 70,26%, sedangkan pada K meningkat 4 { v,o Jumlah oosista koksidia semakin menurun dari jumlah oosista koksidia sebelwn perlakuan masing-masing untuk T.l dan T.2 sebesar 89,56% dan 90,92%, sedangkan pada K meningkat 213,89%. Kata kunci: Hijauan, Anthelmintik, Haemonchus contortus, Kambing bligon

This research was conducted to investigate nutrition potential of several tropical forages usually given by fanners as goats feeds, that contain tannin and their effectiveness as anti parasite on supporting performance of goats in tropical country especially Indonesia. Fresh, freeze-dried and oven-dried samples of the leaves from 19 plants species taken from Y ogyakarta, Indonesia (experiment I) were used to evaluate in vitro gas production in the absence or presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Experiment ll were to assess the in vitro anthelmintic potential of fifteen tropical forages usually given by farmers as goat feeds, that contain active compound, in exerting their anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus. The in vitro anthelmintic potential of the 15 tropical forages was assessed using aqueous infusions of the plant material. In experiment ill, cassava and papaya leaf were tested as sources of feed and as anthelmintics for goats. Eighteen goats were divided randomly into 3 groups~ one group (Control) was fed 100% grass ad lib. The second group (T.l) was fed 70% grass and 30% cassava leaf, and the third group (T.2) fed 70% grass and 30% papaya leaf. Data measured were feed intake, apparent coefficient digestibility of nutrient and number of worm eggs and coccidian oocysts counts in faeces (experiment ill). The result showed that the mean value of gas production from fresh samples blends in I minute and 2 minutes both higher than from freeze-dried and oven-dried samples. Freeze-dried samples produced a higher volume of gas than oven-dried samples. The mean value of gas production from samples that added with PEG was higher than without PEG (experiment 1). Papaya (Carica papaya), cassava (Manihot escu/enta Crantz) and Sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora) were recorded to have higher in vitro digestibility compared to the other species in this research, due to has a higher rate of gas production potential and a relatively higher gas production with or without the addition of PEG. The results of stage II~ on screening in vitro on adult worms, on the concentration increased, the number of dead worms significantly more (P<0.05). Percentage of mean value of mortality of worm were highest on scarlet leaf aqueous infusions of 80% and worm die fastest (after lh post exposure) in papaya leaf aqueous infusions of 80%. Results of research on screening using worm eggs, cassava leaves, jackfruit, mahogany, turi, banyan and sengon is ranked top. Distribution of adult worms and egg worm, scarlet, cassava, jackfruit, banyan, mahagony, papaya leaves was potentially good, while the banana, kapok and Leucaena leaves, their anthelmintics potential that has not been seen in adult worms, it can be seen in the eggs of worms, namely with the ability to inhibit worm eggs to hatch. The result showed (experiment ill) that the supplementation of grass with the leaf of cassava or Carica papaya both increased intakes (g'kg LW/day) of dry matter (1.71~ 1.72), organic matter (1.79~ 1.41), crude protein (1.06; 0.86), ether extract (0.38~ 0.73) and digestible nutrients(%) of organic matter (2.93~ 3.8), crude protein (1.84~ 1.78), ether extract (0.24~ 0.97) and also higher average daily gain (glday) (11.49~ 12.07) compared to Control. The supplementation with the leaf of cassava (T.I) and papaya {T.2) had an anti parasitic effect by decreasing EPG, 72.94% and 70.26% respectively, while in Control increase 406.67%. The coccidian oocysts counts per gram of faeces decreased for T.l and T.2 89.56% dan 90.92% respectively, while Control increase 213.89%. Key words: Forages, Anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus, Bligon goats

Kata Kunci : Hijauan,Anthelmintik,Haemonchus contortus,Kambing bligon