Konsep Pengembangan Gedung Parkir Berbasis Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH) dan Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pengguna Fasilitas Parkir Kendaraan Roda Dua pada Stasiun Lempuyangan Yogyakarta

Dhimas Prasetya Putra Erlambang, Prof. Dr.Techn. Ir. Danang Parikesit, M.Sc.(Eng)., IPU., APEC.Eng., QRGP.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK SIPIL

Stasiun Lempuyangan Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu stasiun yang melayani perjalanan kereta api ekonomi jarak jauh maupun lokal. Kondisi tersebut menjadi salah satu pertimbangan dalam menganalisis karakteristik penggunaan fasilitas parkir kendaraan roda dua, termasuk pola dan durasi parkir pengguna. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kondisi eksisting, fasilitas parkir yang tersedia menunjukkan adanya kebutuhan pengembangan kapasitas dan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan. Kebutuhan tersebut kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut melalui proyeksi kebutuhan parkir berdasarkan beberapa skenario pertumbuhan penumpang kereta api ekonomi serta evaluasi tingkat kepuasan pengguna. Hasil analisis tersebut menjadi dasar dalam merumuskan konsep pengembangan gedung parkir vertikal berbasis Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH) yang mampu mengakomodasi kebutuhan parkir pada masa mendatang sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas fasilitas bagi pengguna.

Karakteristik parkir dikaji melalui survei volume, akumulasi, durasi, dan pergantian parkir selama 12 jam pada satu hari kerja (Rabu, 22 Juli 2026) dan satu hari akhir pekan (Sabtu, 25 Juli 2026), mengacu pada Pedoman Teknis Penyelenggaraan Fasilitas Parkir Dirjen Perhubungan Darat (1996). Tingkat kepuasan pengguna on-street dan off-street dijaring terpisah melalui kuesioner pada 25 dan 27 Juli 2026, lalu diolah dengan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) untuk memetakan atribut pelayanan ke dalam diagram kartesius. Proyeksi kebutuhan parkir untuk horizon 5 dan 10 tahun dihitung melalui tiga skenario pertumbuhan (pesimis 5%, moderat 7,5%, optimis 10%) sebagai dasar penyusunan konsep gedung parkir vertikal berbasis Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH) sesuai kriteria pada Permen PUPR Nomor 21 Tahun 2021, yang divisualisasikan dalam gambar dua dimensi (AutoCAD) dan tiga dimensi (SketchUp).

Indeks parkir maksimum eksisting telah melampaui 100%, mencapai 197,16% (on-street) dan 299,28% (off-street), menandakan kelebihan kapasitas (overcapacity). Analisis IPA menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian rata-rata sebesar 71,49% (on-street) dan 79,93% (off-street), dengan keamanan kendaraan, kejelasan sirkulasi, dan kemudahan menemukan kembali posisi kendaraan sebagai atribut prioritas perbaikan. Merespons proyeksi kebutuhan hingga 1.900 kendaraan pada tahun ke-10, dirancang gedung parkir vertikal setinggi maksimum lima lantai yang mengintegrasikan fasad hijau (green facade), ventilasi dan pencahayaan alami, panel surya, pemanenan air hujan (rainwater harvesting), serta fasilitas kendaraan listrik.

Lempuyangan Station in Yogyakarta is one of the stations serving both long-distance and local economy-class train services. This condition is taken into consideration in analyzing the characteristics of motorcycle parking facility usage, including users' parking patterns and durations. The analysis of existing conditions shows that the available parking facilities need capacity expansion and improved service quality. These needs are then analyzed further through parking demand projections based on several economy-class train passenger growth scenarios, as well as an evaluation of user satisfaction levels. The results of these analyses form the basis for formulating a concept for developing a vertical parking building based on Green Building principles, which can accommodate future parking demand while improving facility quality for users.

Parking characteristics were examined through surveys of parking volume, accumulation, duration, and turnover over a 12-hour period on one weekday (Wednesday, 22 July 2026) and one weekend day (Saturday, 25 July 2026), following the Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of Parking Facilities issued by the Directorate General of Land Transportation (1996). User satisfaction with on-street and off-street parking was assessed separately through questionnaires administered on 25 and 27 July 2026, then analyzed using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to map service attributes onto a Cartesian diagram. Parking demand was projected over 5- and 10-year horizons under three growth scenarios (pessimistic at 5%, moderate at 7.5%, and optimistic at 10%). These projections served as the basis for developing a vertical parking building concept based on Green Building (Bangunan Gedung Hijau, BGH) criteria in accordance with Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 21 of 2021, visualized through two-dimensional drawings (AutoCAD) and three-dimensional models (SketchUp).

The existing maximum parking index has exceeded 100%, reaching 197.16% (on-street) and 299.28% (off-street), indicating overcapacity. The IPA analysis shows an average suitability level of 71.49% (on-street) and 79.93% (off-street), with vehicle security, circulation clarity, and ease of relocating parked vehicles as priority attributes for improvement. Responding to the projected demand of up to 1,900 vehicles by the tenth year, a five-story vertical parking building was designed, integrating a green facade, natural ventilation and lighting, solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and electric-vehicle facilities.

Kata Kunci : Gedung Parkir, Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Proyeksi Kebutuhan Parkir, Stasiun Lempuyangan