Analisis Dampak Akuisisi PT Bank Commonwealth Terhadap Perubahan Struktur-Perilaku-Kinerja PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk

Wahyudin, Prof. Amin Wibowo, S.E., M.B.A., Ph.D.,

2026 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA

Konsolidasi perbankan menjadi strategi penting untuk memperkuat skala usaha, basis nasabah, dan efisiensi di tengah persaingan, digitalisasi, serta kebutuhan penguatan modal. Akuisisi PT Bank Commonwealth oleh PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk bernilai Rp2,17 triliun dan membawa lebih dari 1,2 juta nasabah baru, sehingga perlu dianalisis secara terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak akuisisi terhadap perubahan struktur industri perbankan Indonesia, perilaku strategis Bank OCBC, dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian digunakan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif interpretatif berbasis data sekunder periode 2020– 2025 terhadap 20 bank utama di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan melalui kerangka Structure–Conduct–Performance, dengan struktur diukur menggunakan Concentration Ratio empat bank terbesar (CR4) dan Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), sedangkan kinerja diukur melalui Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), dan Non-performing Loan (NPL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak akuisisi terhadap struktur pasar bersifat terbatas; CR4 aset meningkat dari 56,38% menjadi 58,00?n HHI aset dari 907,99 menjadi 972,08, sedangkan CR4 kredit meningkat dari 58,02% menjadi 61,80?n HHI kredit dari 984,11 menjadi 1.118,43. Pada level perusahaan, aset Bank OCBC meningkat dari Rp249,76 triliun menjadi Rp308,10 triliun, dana pihak ketiga dari Rp181,76 triliun menjadi Rp243,50 triliun, ROA tetap kuat pada 2,19%, ROE 12,25%, BOPO membaik menjadi 69,63%, LDR melonggar menjadi 70,39%, dan NPL Gross terkendali pada 1,94%. Dengan demikian, akuisisi lebih bermakna sebagai penguatan skala, pendanaan, dan efisiensi internal Bank OCBC daripada sebagai faktor yang mengubah struktur persaingan industri secara fundamental.

Banking consolidation has become an important strategy to strengthen business scale, customer base, and efficiency amid intensifying competition, digitalization, and capital strengthening requirements. The acquisition of PT Bank Commonwealth by PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk, valued at Rp2.17 trillion and adding more than 1.2 million new customers, therefore requires an integrated analysis. This study aims to analyze the impact of the acquisition on changes in the structure of the Indonesian banking industry, the strategic conduct of Bank OCBC, and the company’s financial performance. The study was conducted using an interpretative quantitative approach based on secondary data for the 2020–2025 period, covering 20 major banks in Indonesia. The analysis applied the Structure–Conduct– Performance framework, with market structure measured using the Concentration Ratio of the four largest banks (CR4) and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), while performance was measured using Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Operating Expenses to Operating Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Nonperforming Loan. The findings show that the acquisition had a limited impact on market structure; asset-based CR4 increased from 56.38% to 58.00% and assetbased HHI from 907.99 to 972.08, while credit-based CR4 increased from 58.02% to 61.80% and credit-based HHI from 984.11 to 1,118.43. At the firm level, Bank OCBC’s assets increased from Rp249.76 trillion to Rp308.10 trillion, third-party funds from Rp181.76 trillion to Rp243.50 trillion, Return on Assets remained strong at 2.19%, Return on Equity at 12.25%, Operating Expenses to Operating Income improved to 69.63%, Loan to Deposit Ratio eased to 70.39%, and Gross Nonperforming Loan remained controlled at 1.94%. Thus, the acquisition was more significant as a means of strengthening Bank OCBC’s internal scale, funding base, and efficiency than as a factor that fundamentally changed the competitive structure of the banking industry.

Kata Kunci : Akuisisi, perbankan, Structure–Conduct–Performance, CR4, HHI, kinerja keuangan, Bank OCBC.