Analisis Policy Capacity dalam Kebijakan Pangan Berbasis Dana Desa (Studi Kasus Penerapan 20?na Desa untuk Ketahanan Pangan Di Kecamatan Detusoko Kabupaten Ende)

Maria Fifinita Bunga, Dra. Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani, M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Implementasi kebijakan pangan berbasis dana desa di tingkat lokal menghadapi hambatan struktural dan administratif, khususnya pascaperubahan regulasi yang mewajibkan pengelolaan melalui BUMDes. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis policy capacity (kapasitas kebijakan) pada tingkat organisasi pelaksana (Pemerintah Desa, BUMDes, dan kelompok pelaksana) dalam penerapan 20?na desa untuk ketahanan pangan di Kecamatan Detusoko, Kabupaten Ende. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus multiple-case embedded design di Desa Sipijena dan Wologai Tengah, melibatkan 30 informan dari Pemerintah desa, BUMDes, kelompok tani, dan dinas teknis. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, lalu dianalisis dengan kerangka policy capacity Brenton et al. (2023) yang mencakup tiga dimensi yakni administrative capital, contingent political management, dan expectations satisfaction. Temuan menunjukkan perbedaan kapasitas signifikan. Desa Sipijena berhasil mencapai tahap pelaksanaan karena kepatuhan administratif, koordinasi berjenjang, kepemimpinan ganda berbasis adat, dan pendampingan intensif. Sebaliknya, Desa Wologai Tengah masih dalam perencanaan akibat hambatan struktural, mispersepsi regulasi, dan resistensi teknologi. Penelitian juga mengidentifikasi dimensi baru: Local Cultural Legitimacy, Socio-Cultural Barriers, Adaptive Informality, Structural Dependency dan Regulatory Constraint. Implikasi penelitian menegaskan bahwa penguatan kapasitas BUMDes melalui pelatihan berkelanjutan, perbaikan struktur organisasi dan koordinasi antarlembaga, serta fleksibilitas regulasi dari pemerintah pusat yang disesuaikan dengan potensi lokal merupakan prasyarat fundamental bagi keberhasilan program. 

The implementation of village fund-based food security policies at the local level encounters structural and administrative constraints, particularly following regulatory changes that mandate management through Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). This study aims to analyze policy capacity at the level of implementing organizations, namely Village Governments, BUMDes, and implementing groups, in utilizing the 20% village fund allocation for food security in Detusoko District, Ende Regency. Employing a qualitative approach using a multiple-case embedded design in Sipijena and Wologai Tengah Villages, the research involved 30 informants from village governments, BUMDes, farmer groups, and technical agencies. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using Brenton et al.'s (2023) policy capacity framework, which encompasses three dimensions: administrative capital, contingent political management, and expectations satisfaction. The findings reveal significant capacity disparities. Sipijena Village successfully reached the implementation stage due to administrative compliance, tiered coordination, dual customary leadership, and intensive mentoring. Conversely, Wologai Tengah Village remains in the planning phase due to structural impediments, regulatory misperceptions, and technological resistance. The study also identifies several emergent dimensions, including Local Cultural Legitimacy, Socio-Cultural Barriers, Adaptive Informality, Structural Dependency, and Regulatory Constraint. The implications confirm that strengthening BUMDes capacity through continuous training, improving organizational structures and inter-agency coordination, alongside regulatory flexibility from the central government tailored to local potential, constitute fundamental prerequisites for program success.

Kata Kunci : Policy Capacity, Dana Desa, Ketahanan Pangan, BUMDes/Policy Capacity, Village Fund, Food Security, BUMDes