Analisis Histokimia, Kadar Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Kulit Buah Enam Kultivar Pisang (Musa × paradisiaca L.)

Wahyuni, Prof. Dr. Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho, M.Agr.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Kulit pisang masih sering dianggap sebagai limbah, padahal bagian ini berpotensi dimanfaatkan karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi flavonoid melalui analisis histokimia, kadar flavonoid total, dan aktivitas antioksidan pada kulit buah enam kultivar pisang, yaitu Ambon, Kepok Kuning, Kluthuk, Nangka, Raja, dan Susu. Distribusi flavonoid diamati secara histokimia menggunakan reagen AlCl3 5%. Sampel kulit pisang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan metanol 70%. Kadar flavonoid total dianalisis menggunakan metode aluminium klorida dengan kuersetin sebagai standar, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH menggunakan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil histokimia menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kultivar positif mengandung flavonoid, yang ditandai dengan perubahan warna kuning hingga cokelat pada jaringan kulit buah. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kadar flavonoid total tertinggi terdapat pada kulit pisang Kluthuk, yaitu 17,30 ± 0,25 mg QE/g, sedangkan kadar terendah terdapat pada kulit pisang Susu sebesar 6,25 ± 0,22 mg QE/g. Seluruh ekstrak kulit pisang juga menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 kurang dari 50 ppm. Nilai IC50 terendah pada ekstrak kulit pisang diperoleh dari Kluthuk sebesar 7,159 ppm, sedangkan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada Susu sebesar 27,344 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kulit pisang Kluthuk merupakan kultivar yang paling berpotensi sebagai sumber flavonoid dan antioksidan alami.

Banana peels are still commonly regarded as agricultural waste, despite their potential utilization due to the presence of flavonoid compounds. This study aimed to investigate the flavonoid distribution through histochemical analysis, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of the fruit peels of six banana cultivars, namely Ambon, Kepok Kuning, Kluthuk, Nangka, Raja, and Susu. Flavonoid distribution was observed histochemically using 5% AlCl3 reagent. Banana peel samples were extracted by maceration using 70% methanol. Total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method with quercetin as the standard, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay with vitamin C as the positive control. Histochemical analysis revealed that all cultivars tested were positive for flavonoids, as indicated by a yellow to brown coloration in the peel tissues. The results also showed that the highest total flavonoid content was found in Kluthuk banana peel, reaching 17.30 ± 0.25 mg QE/g, whereas the lowest was observed in Susu banana peel at 6.25 ± 0.22 mg QE/g. All banana peel extracts also exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values below 50 ppm. The lowest IC50 value among the banana peel extracts was obtained from Kluthuk (7.159 ppm), while the highest was recorded for Susu (27.344 ppm). Based on these findings, Kluthuk banana peel has the greatest potential as a natural source of flavonoids and antioxidants.

Kata Kunci : antioksidan, DPPH, flavonoid, histokimia, kulit pisang