Identifikasi Khamir Hitam Asal Tanaman Maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa) Serta Pengukuran Produktivitas Dan Analisis Pigmen Melanin

Muhamad Haikal, Dr. Miftahul Ilmi, S.Si., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Pigmen melanin merupakan salah satu pigmen alami yang banyak ditemukan pada fungi dan memiliki berbagai potensi aplikasi di bidang farmasi, industri, dan lingkungan. Salah satu kelompok fungi penghasil melanin adalah khamir hitam (black yeast), termasuk genus Aureobasidium yang diketahui mampu menghasilkan pigmen melanin sebagai mekanisme adaptasi terhadap berbagai tekanan lingkungan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah diperoleh dua isolat khamir hitam asal filosfer tanaman maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa), namun produktivitas melanin, profil kimiawi penyusun pigmen, dan identitas molekulernya belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas melanin, profil kimiawi penyusun pigmen, serta identitas molekuler isolat khamir filosfer asal tanaman maja. Hasil produktivitas melanin menunjukkan nilai sebesar 1,06 mg/L/hari pada isolat B4 dan 0,62 mg/L/hari pada isolat B3. Analisis LC-HRMS menunjukkan keberadaan senyawa intermediat jalur DHN-melanin berupa scytalone, vermelone, dan 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene. Isolat terpilih, yaitu B4, teridentifikasi sebagai Aureobasidium melanogenum berdasarkan analisis sekuens ITS dengan kemiripan 100% terhadap A. melanogenum YPESf02 dan 98,48% terhadap type strain CBS 105.22, serta didukung nilai bootstrap 98% pada rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik Neighbor-Joining. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa A. melanogenum asal filosfer tanaman maja berpotensi sebagai sumber pigmen melanin alami dan mengindikasikan keterlibatan jalur DHN-melanin dalam biosintesis pigmen yang dihasilkan.

 

Kata Kunci: Aureobasidium melanogenum, filosfer, melanin, LC-HRMS

Melanin is a natural pigment widely distributed among fungi and has various potential applications in the pharmaceutical, industrial, and environmental sectors. One group of melanin-producing fungi is black yeasts, including the genus Aureobasidium, which is known to synthesize melanin as an adaptive mechanism against various environmental stresses. In a previous study, two black yeast isolates were obtained from the phyllosphere of bael tree (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa); however, their melanin productivity, pigment chemical composition, and molecular identity had not been thoroughly characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to determine melanin productivity, characterize the chemical profile of the pigment, and identify the molecular identity of phyllosphere yeast isolates from bael tree. Melanin productivity reached 1,06 mg/L/day in isolate B4 and 0,62 mg/L/day in isolate B3. LC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of DHN-melanin pathway intermediates, namely scytalone, vermelone, and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene. The selected isolate, B4, was identified as Aureobasidium melanogenum based on ITS sequence analysis, showing 100% similarity to A. melanogenum YPESf02 and 98.48% similarity to the type strain CBS 105.22. This identification was further supported by a bootstrap value of 98% in the Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic reconstruction. The results indicate that A. melanogenum isolated from the phyllosphere of bael tree has potential as a natural source of melanin pigment and suggest the involvement of the DHN-melanin biosynthetic pathway in pigment production.

 

Keywords: Aureobasidium melanogenum, phyllosphere, melanin, LC-HRMS

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: Aureobasidium melanogenum, filosfer, melanin, LC-HRMS