Politik Hubungan Industrial Sektor Aviasi dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus PT Garuda Maintenance Facility AeroAsia Tbk)

Lutviana Herawati, Alfath Bagus Panuntun El Nur Indonesia, S.I.P., M.A.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU PEMERINTAHAN

Penelitian ini berangkat dari pandemi Covid-19 yang membatasi mobilitas masyarakat dan menyebabkan industri Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) seperti PT Garuda Maintenance Facility (GMF) AeroAsia Tbk, mengalami tekanan finansial yang luar biasa. Dalam situasi tersebut, GMF AeroAsia melakukan berbagai kebijakan penyesuaian tenaga kerja yang berdampak langsung pada kesejahteraan pekerja. Kondisi ini mendorong keterlibatan serikat pekerja dalam proses dialog dengan manajemen, melalui berbagai negosiasi bipartit yang kemudian mendorong perubahan pada struktur ketenagakerjaan di dalam perusahaan.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus untuk memahami dinamika politik hubungan industrial di GMF AeroAsia selama krisis pandemi Covid-19. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observasi, serta studi dokumen perusahaan, regulasi, jurnal, dan berita terkait. Informan penelitian dipilih secara purposive dan melibatkan aktor-aktor yang terlibat langsung dalam dinamika hubungan industrial selama pandemi, baik dari pihak serikat pekerja maupun manajemen. Data-data yang ada diolah melalui tahapan Miles et al. yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan kerangka politik hubungan industrial dalam crisis corporatism dan kerangka Varieties of Liberalization dari Kathleen Thelen untuk membaca dan menguraikan arah perubahan institusional yang terjadi. 

Hasilnya dinamika politik hubungan industrial di GMF AeroAsia selama pandemi Covid-19 membentuk konfigurasi struktur ketenagakerjaan baru yang bersifat dualistik. Krisis mendorong intensifikasi koordinasi antara manajemen dan serikat pekerja GEC untuk melindungi pekerja tetap, namun secara bersamaan membuka ruang bagi masuknya pekerja kontrak dalam jumlah besar yang berada di luar perlindungan kolektif. Hasilnya adalah struktur ketenagakerjaan yang tersegmentasi dengan dua rezim yang berbeda dalam satu perusahaan.

This study is grounded in the Covid-19 pandemic, which severely restricted public mobility and placed unprecedented financial pressure on the Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) industry, including PT Garuda Maintenance Facility (GMF) AeroAsia Tbk. In response to the crisis, GMF AeroAsia implemented a series of workforce adjustment policies that directly affected employees welfare. These developments prompted the active involvement of the labor union in negotiations with management through bipartite social dialogue, ultimately contributing to significant changes in the company's employment structure.

This research employs a qualitative case study approach to examine the dynamics of industrial relations politics at GMF AeroAsia during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), participant observation, and document analysis of company records, regulations, academic literature, and relevant news sources. Research participants were selected purposively and consisted of key actors directly involved in industrial relations during the pandemic, including representatives of both the labor union and management. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles et al., comprising data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The analysis was guided by the framework of industrial relations politics within the concept of crisis corporatism, complemented by Kathleen Thelen's Varieties of Liberalization framework to examine the direction of institutional change.

The findings demonstrate that the politics of industrial relations at GMF AeroAsia during the Covid-19 pandemic produced a new dualistic employment structure. The crisis intensified coordination between management and the GMF Employee Club (GEC) labor union to safeguard permanent employees while simultaneously creating opportunities for the large-scale recruitment of contract workers who remained outside the scope of collective protection. Consequently, the company developed a segmented employment structure characterized by two distinct labor regimes operating within the same organization.

Kata Kunci : crisis corporatism, Covid-19, ketenagakerjaan, politik hubungan industrial, varieties of liberalization