Uji Efektivitas Biopestisida Ekstrak Daun Tembakau terhadap Jamur Neopestalotiopsis spp. Penyebab Gugur Daun Karet Secara In Vitro

Saskia Ayu Ferinda, Prof. Ir. Achmadi Priyatmojo, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis) merupakan tanaman komoditas perkebunan yang penting di Indonesia. Penyakit gugur daun karet akibat jamur Neopestalotiopsis menjadi salah satu penyakit baru yang mengancam pada komoditas ini. Adanya penggunaan pestisida kimia heksakonazol secara terus-menerus dalam penanganan dapat menyebabkan resistensi terhadap jamur patogen dan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Diperlukan solusi penggunaan biopestisida ekstrak berbahan daun tembakau untuk pengendalian penyakit ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas berbagai konsentrasi biopestisida ekstrak daun tembakau terhadap jamur Neopestalotiopsis spp. secara In Vitro serta membandingkan efektivitasnya dengan pestisida kimia heksakonazol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Pengujian dilaksanakan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) meliputi pengujian biopestisida ekstrak daun tembakau konsentrasi 0,25%, 0,5%, dan 1% serta pestisida kimia heksakonazol dengan metode food poisoned pada media PDA dan PDB, serta pengujian biopestisida pada daun tanaman karet klon PB 260 yang diinokulasi jamur patogen Neopestalotiopsis spp. Pengujian menggunakan dua spesies jamur yaitu Neopestalotiopsis formicarum dan Neopestalotiopsis thailandica. Hasil dari pengujian food poisoned menunjukkan biopestisida ekstrak daun tembakau dapat menghambat pertumbuhan miselium, mengurangi biomassa jamur serta jumlah konidium Neopestalotiopsis spp. secara signifikan. Tetapi aplikasi biopestisida ekstrak daun tembakau pada daun tanaman karet belum efektif menghambat pembentukan bercak akibat Neopestalotiopsis. Biopestisida ekstrak daun tembakau konsentrasi 1?ektif dalam menghambat jamur Neopestalotiopsis formicarum dan biopestisida ekstrak daun tembakau berbagai konsentrasi memiliki tingkat efektivitas sebanding dalam menghambat jamur Neopestalotiopsis thailandica dibandingkan dengan pestisida kimia heksakonazol. 

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important plantation crop in Indonesia. Rubber leaf blight caused by the fungus Neopestalotiopsis is one of the emerging diseases threatening this crop. The continuous use of the chemical pesticide hexaconazole in disease management can lead to resistance in the pathogenic fungus and have negative impacts on the environment. A solution involving the use of a biopesticide extract from tobacco leaf is needed to control this disease. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of various concentrations of the biopesticide extract tobacco leaf against the Neopestalotiopsis spp. fungus in vitro and to compare its effectiveness with that of the chemical pesticide hexiconazole. The test was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiments were carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD), including testing of the biopesticide from tobacco leaf extract concentration 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, and chemical pesticide hexaconazole using the food poisoned method on PDA and PDB media, also testing of the biopesticide on leaves of rubber tree clone PB 260 that have been inoculated by pathogenic fungi Neopestalotiopsis spp. The tests used two fungal species, Neopestalotiopsis formicarum and Neopestalotiopsis thailandica. The results of the food poisoned test showed that the biopesticide could significantly inhibit mycelial growth, reduce fungal biomass, and reduce the number of Neopestalotiopsis conidium. However, the application of a tobacco leaf extract biopesticide to rubber tree leaves has not been effective in inhibiting the formation of spots caused by Neopestalotiopsis spp. A 1% concentration of the biopesticide extract from tobacco leaf was effective in inhibiting the fungus Neopestalotiopsis formicarum better than chemical pesticide hexaconazole. Biopesticide at various concentrations showed comparable levels of effectiveness in inhibiting the fungus Neopestalotiopsis thailandica compared to the chemical pesticide hexaconazole. 

Kata Kunci : biopestisida, Hevea brasiliensis, Neopestalotiopsis, Nicotiana tabacum