KINETIKA TITER ANTIBODI POLIKLONAL Newcastle Disease PADA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWA BERDASARKAN UJI HEMAGLUTINASI INHIBISI

Nathania Eugenia, Prof. Dr. drh. Tri Untari, M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Newcastle disease (ND) merupakan penyakit viral pada unggas yang bersifat endemik di Indonesia dan menjadi ancaman bagi ketahanan pangan serta ekonomi peternakan unggas. Pengendalian penyakit ini membutuhkan sistem diagnosis yang sensitif dan spesifik, salah satunya berbasis antibodi poliklonal. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi respons imun humoral kambing Peranakan Ettawa (PE) pascaimunisasi antigen ND dan menggambarkan kinetika titer antibodi poliklonalnya menggunakan uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI). Dua ekor kambing PE jantan berumur delapan bulan digunakan dalam penelitian ini, satu ekor sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan satu ekor sebagai kontrol. Kambing perlakuan diimunisasi dengan vaksin inaktif ND secara subkutan sebanyak 5 mL per ekor, diberikan delapan kali dengan interval dua minggu. Sampel darah diambil setiap dua minggu mulai dari minggu ke-0 hingga minggu ke-16. Serum dipreparasi melalui inaktivasi komplemen dan adsorpsi eritrosit ayam kemudian diuji menggunakan metode HI. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa antibodi mulai terdeteksi pada minggu ke-2 dengan titer log? 3, kemudian meningkat secara bertahap menjadi log? 5 pada minggu ke-4, mencapai puncak log? 6 pada minggu ke-6, bertahan pada fase plateau hingga minggu ke-10, dan selanjutnya menurun kembali menjadi log? 5 hingga minggu ke-16. Titer antibodi kelompok kontrol secara konsisten negatif sepanjang periode pengamatan. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah kambing PE terbukti mampu menghasilkan antibodi poliklonal anti-ND dengan titer puncak yang melampaui ambang batas positif WOAH sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber antibodi poliklonal untuk pengembangan reagen diagnostik ND.

Newcastle disease (ND) is an endemic avian viral disease in Indonesia and poses a major threat to food security and the poultry industry. Effective control of this disease requires sensitive and specific diagnostic systems, including those based on polyclonal antibodies. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response of Peranakan Ettawa (PE) goats following immunization with inactivated ND antigen and to describe the kinetics of their polyclonal antibody titers using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Two eight-month-old male PE goats were used in this study, with one goat assigned to the treatment group and the other to the control group. The treatment goat was subcutaneously immunized with 5 mL of inactivated ND vaccine per animal, administered eight times at two-week intervals. Blood samples were collected every two weeks from week 0 to week 16. Serum was prepared by complement inactivation and adsorption with chicken erythrocytes and then tested using the HI method. The results showed that antibodies were first detected at week 2 with a titer of log2 3, then gradually increased to log2 5 by week 4, reached a peak of log2 6 at week 6, remained at plateau phase until week 10, and subsequently declined to log2 5 by week 16. Antibody titers in the control group remained consistently negative throughout the observation period. The conclusion of this study is that PE goats are capable of producing anti-ND polyclonal antibodies with peak titers exceeding the protective threshold recommended by WOAH, indicating their potential as source of polyclonal antibodies for the development of ND diagnostic reagents.

Kata Kunci : Antibodi poliklonal, Hemaglutinasi inhibisi, Kambing Peranakan Ettawa, Newcastle disease, Polyclonal antibodies, Hemagglutination inhibition, Peranakan Ettawa goats, Newcastle disease