PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN PROSES BERDASARKAN PP 50/2012, CCPS-RBPS DAN OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 PADA SMELTER PT CERIA NUGRAHA INDOTAMA, WOLO, KAB. KOLAKA, SULAWESI TENGGARA (DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT BASED ON PP 50/2012, CCPS-RBPS AND OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 FOR PT CERIA NUGRAHA INDOTAMA SMELTER WOLO, KOLAKA DISTRICT, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI)

A. YANI, Ir. Irfan Bahiuddin, S.T., M.Phil., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER TERAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA

Indonesia memiliki kedudukan strategis dalam rantai pasok nikel global berkat cadangan nikel yang melimpah serta komitmen terhadap program hilirisasi melalui pembangunan fasilitas peleburan dan pemurnian (smelter). Namun, pesatnya perkembangan industri smelter nikel belum sepenuhnya diimbangi oleh ketersediaan kerangka Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) yang secara spesifik mengakomodasi karakteristik bahaya proses pada sektor tersebut. Regulasi SMK3 nasional masih bertumpu pada PP 50/2012 yang meskipun penting sebagai fondasi kepatuhan, cakupannya bersifat umum dan belum memberikan panduan teknis yang memadai bagi pengelolaan keselamatan proses di industri smelter nikel yang memiliki risiko operasional tinggi. Kesenjangan ini mengindikasikan perlunya pengembangan kerangka Manajemen Keselamatan Proses (MKP/PSM) yang tidak menggantikan PP 50/2012, melainkan melengkapinya dengan pendekatan dan standar yang lebih sesuai dengan karakteristik industri berisiko tinggi.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan kerangka sistem MKP/PSM yang aplikatif dengan studi kasus di smelter PT Ceria Nugraha Indotama (PT CNI), dengan mengintegrasikan PP 50/2012 sebagai dasar regulasi nasional serta elemen tambahan dari CCPS-RBPS dan OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 untuk memperkuat perlindungan terhadap aktivitas berisiko tinggi. Fokus penelitian mencakup identifikasi elemen sistem MKP/PSM yang relevan, evaluasi persepsi pemangku kepentingan terhadap kebermanfaatannya, serta analisis faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat implementasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan campuran (mixed-methods) yang memadukan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif meliputi studi dokumen, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara mendalam untuk memahami konteks operasional. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan melalui survei skala Likert terhadap 101 responden internal dan eksternal, yang diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya (Cronbach ? = 0,974), serta dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Elemen sistem MKP/PSM dianalisis melalui matriks perbandingan antara PP 50/2012, CCPS-RBPS, dan OSHA, kemudian diharmonisasi, divalidasi melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan disusun menjadi dokumen standar perusahaan.

Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 22 elemen utama sistem MKP/PSM, meliputi Kebijakan Perusahaan, Analisis Risiko, Integritas Mekanik, Manajemen Perubahan, PSSR, Pelatihan, dan Investigasi Insiden. Lima elemen utama teridentifikasi sebagai faktor pendorong (enabler) dengan tingkat pemahaman tinggi, sedangkan elemen seperti Rahasia Dagang dan Integritas Mekanik menjadi hambatan (barrier) terhadap implementasi. Kerangka sistem MKP/PSM yang dihasilkan memungkinkan kepatuhan terhadap regulasi nasional, penerapan praktik internasional, peningkatan keselamatan operasional, dan pembentukan budaya keselamatan berkelanjutan. Sistem ini dapat menjadi model referensi bagi smelter nikel lain, industri ekstraktif, atau industri berisiko tinggi lainnya di Indonesia.

Indonesia is a key player in the global supply chain for nickel, with its abundant nickel reserves and commitment to a downstream processing program through the development of smelting and refining facilities (smelters). However, the rapid growth of the nickel smelter industry has not been fully matched by the availability of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) framework that specifically accommodates the process hazard characteristics of this sector. The national OHSMS regulation still relies on Government Regulation No. 50 of 2012 (PP 50/2012), which, while essential as a foundation for compliance, is broad in scope and does not provide adequate technical guidance for managing process safety in the high-risk operational environment of nickel smelters. This gap indicates the need for the development of a Process Safety Management (PSM) framework that does not replace PP 50/2012, but rather complements it with approaches and standards more suited to the characteristics of high-risk industries.

This study aims to develop an applicable PSM system framework using a case study at the smelter of PT Ceria Nugraha Indotama (PT CNI), by integrating PP 50/2012 as the foundational national OHSMS regulation and incorporating additional elements from CCPS-RBPS and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 to strengthen protection for high-risk activities and operations. The research focuses on identifying relevant PSM system elements, evaluating stakeholder perceptions of their utility, and analyzing factors that support and hinder implementation. The research methodology employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis includes document studies, field observations, and in-depth interviews to understand the operational context. The quantitative analysis was conducted through a Likert-scale survey involving 101 internal and external respondents, which was tested for validity and reliability (Cronbach's ? = 0.974) and analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The PSM system elements were analyzed through a comparison matrix of PP 50/2012, CCPS-RBPS, and OSHA, then harmonized, validated through Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and compiled into a company standard document.

The research findings identified 22 main PSM system elements, including Company Policy, Risk Analysis, Mechanical Integrity, Management of Change, Pre-Startup Safety Review (PSSR), Training, and Incident Investigation. Five main elements were identified as enabling factors with a high level of understanding, whereas elements such as Trade Secrets and Mechanical Integrity were identified as barriers to implementation. The resulting PSM system framework enables compliance with national regulations, the application of international practices, the enhancement of operational safety, and the establishment of a sustainable safety culture. This system can serve as a reference model for other nickel smelters, extractive industries, or other high-risk industries in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: PP 50/2012, SMK3, Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Proses (MKP), Process Safety Management (PSM), CCPS-RBPS, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119/Keywords : PP 50/2012, Occupational Safety and Health Management System, Process Safety Management (PSM), CCPS-RBP