KONTINUITAS IDENTITAS LANSKAP PUSAT KOTA LAMA BANDUNG

Husna Izzati, Dr. Ir. Dwita Hadi Rahmi, M.A.; Syam Rachma Marcillia, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.

2026 | Disertasi | S3 Teknik Arsitektur

Lanskap Pusat Kota Lama Bandung merupakan kawasan inti kota yang berkembang melalui proses historis panjang dari pusat pemerintahan tradisional hingga pusat aktivitas kolonial dan kota modern. Transformasi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik, kebijakan tata ruang, dan perubahan fungsi ekonomi, yang menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana identitas lanskap kawasan terbentuk, mengalami perubahan , dan tetap mempertahankan kontinuitasnya sepanjang perkembangan kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembentukan identitas lanskap Pusat Kota Lama Bandung serta merumuskan konsep kontinuitas identitasnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan logika abduktif. Analisis dilakukan melalui integrasi kajian morfologi kota, analisis spasial, dan penelusuran historis menggunakan peta lama, arsip, foto sejarah, serta observasi lapangan. Teknik analisis meliputi periodisasi perkembangan berdasarkan konteks sejarah dan kebijakan tata ruang, kajian morfologi ruang inti dan jaringan koridor, analisis fungsi dan aktivitas lintas waktu, serta sintesis kontinuitas fisik–fungsi–makna sebagai dasar identitas lanskap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Identitas lanskap Pusat Kota Lama Bandung secara lintas periode dibentuk oleh kombinasi pola ruang inti (Alun-alun–Pendopo–Masjid), jaringan koridor utama (Asia-Afrika dan Braga), serta fungsi komersial dan simbolik yang terus berulang dalam setiap periode perkembangan. Meskipun terjadi perubahan orientasi politik, ekonomi, dan kebijakan, ketiga elemen ini tetap menjadi penanda utama kawasan. Kontinuitas identitas tidak hanya terlihat dari kesinambungan bentuk fisik, tetapi juga dari kebertahanan fungsi dan makna simbolik. Penelitian ini juga merumuskan bahwa kontinuitas identitas Lanskap Pusat Kota Lama Bandung  mencakup  struktur morfologi yang  bertahan, nilai historis yang  berlanjut, serta fungsi baru yang adaptif terhadap dinamika politik, sosial, dan ekonomi. Temuan ini menghasilkan kerangka konseptual yang dapat digunakan untuk memahami hubungan antara perubahan morfologi, fungsi, dan makna dengan kontinuitas identitas lanskap pada kawasan pusat kota bersejarah.

The landscape of the historic city center of Bandung has developed through a long historical process, from a traditional center of government to a center of colonial activity and a modern city. This transformation has been influenced by political dynamics, spatial planning, and shifts in economic functions, raising questions about how the identity of the area's landscape was formed, how it has changed, and how it has maintained its continuity throughout the city's development. This study aims to analyze the formation of identity of the historic city center of Bandung and formulate a concept of its identity continuity. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach and abductive logic. The analysis was conducted through the integration of urban morphology studies, spatial analysis, and historical research, using old maps, archives, historical photographs, and field observations. The analysis techniques included periodization of development based on historical context and spatial planning policies, morphological studies of the core space and corridor networks, analysis of functions and activities across time, and synthesis of physical – functional - meaning continuity as the basis of landscape identity. The results of the study indicate that the identity of the historic city center of Bandung across periods is shaped by a combination of core spatial patterns (Alun-alun – Pendopo – Masjid), main corridor networks (Asia-Afrika and Braga), along with commercial and symbolic functions that were repeated in each period of development. Despite changes in political, economic, and policy orientations, these three elements remain the main markers of the area. The continuity of identity is not only evident in the continuity of physical form, but also in the persistence of function and symbolic meaning. This study also concludes that the continuity of the identity of the historic city center of Bandung includes a persistent morphological structure, continuing historical value, and new functions that are adaptive to political, social, and economic dynamics. These findings produce a conceptual framework that can be used to understand the relationship between morphological, functional, and meaning changes and the continuity of landscape identity in historic city centers.

Kata Kunci : identitas lanskap, kontinuitas, morfologi, studi kasus, pusat kota bersejarah, bandung/ landscape identity, continuity, morphology, case study, historic city center, bandung