Wacana Fatis dalam Masyarakat Jawa di Magelang: Analisis Tekstual, Praktik Diskursif, dan Praktik Sosiokultural
Rangga Asmara, Prof. Dr. I Dewa Putu Wijana, S.U., M.A.; Dr. Sulistyowati, M.Hum.
2026 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora
The use of language primarily oriented toward initiating, maintaining, and reinforcing social relationships is known in linguistic literature as phatic communion, as introduced by Bronis?aw Malinowski (1923). In many studies, phaticity is often reduced to mere “small talk” positioned at the periphery of interaction or treated as a binary category, classifying utterances as either phatic or non-phatic based on their form. Conversational data from Javanese society in Magelang demonstrate that such a reduction is insufficient, as a single utterance may shift between relational and transactional functions depending on its sequential position, the interlocutor’s response, and the underlying cultural norms. Addressing this issue, this study aims to explain the construction of phatic discourse in Javanese society in Magelang through three research questions: (1) how the forms, types, and structures of phatic discourse are constructed; (2) how the processes of production, interpretation, and reproduction represent discursive practices; (3) how strategies of phatic discourse realization represent sociocultural practices; and (4) what social factors influence the selection of phatic discourse strategies.
This study employs a qualitative approach with a discourse analysis design. The analytical framework draws on the three-dimensional model of discourse proposed by Norman Fairclough (1995), which distinguishes between text, discursive practice, and sociocultural practice. To operationalize this framework, a multimethod design is applied. The corpus under investigation comprises 159 phatic discourse data segments drawn from 113 conversations, consisting of 22 segments from the family domain, 15 segments from the life-cycle ritual domain, 92 segments from communal spaces, and 30 segments from the professional or institutional interaction domain. Data were collected in Pirikan and Banyurejo villages in Magelang Regency, and Potrobangsan subdistrict in Magelang City, from January to June 2020, involving 238 participants. Data collection methods include audio recording, field notes, and verbatim transcription. The analysis is conducted in a layered manner by integrating descriptive linguistic analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatic analysis, sociocultural contextual analysis, and analytical modeling.
The findings show that, at the textual level, phatic discourse in Javanese society in Magelang occurs across all phases of interaction and is realized through diverse linguistic units exhibiting variation in types, illocutionary functions, as well as distributional and configurational patterns within conversational organization. At the level of discursive practice, the production of phatic discourse operates through a configuration of interactional mechanisms, including: (1) genre and frame activation, (2) ritualization of action, (3) register selection and undha-usuk, (4) epistemic and deontic modulation, (5) footing shifts, (6) preferred responses, and (7) delayed entry. These mechanisms provide the basis for participants to interpret degrees of phaticity through a phatic–non-phatic continuum, operationalized in analytical tools such as phaticity tests, phatic force indices and scales, topic classification models, and the WJawa model. At the same time, these mechanisms reproduce patterned uses of phatic discourse as recurring conventions across communicative domains. At the level of sociocultural practice, strategies of phatic discourse realization represent the values and communicative ideology of Javanese society, which are oriented toward harmony, hierarchy, and collectivity. Furthermore, the selection of phatic discourse strategies is systematically shaped by a configuration of social factors, including participant characteristics, interactional setting and situation, and the parameters of social distance, power, and rank of imposition. These findings demonstrate that the weightiness of communicative acts in Javanese society cannot be adequately explained by Brown & Levinson’s (1987) universal formula. Accordingly, this study proposes the WJawa model, formulated as WJawa = (D + P + R) + C.
The findings of this study extend the understanding of phaticity as a gradual and context-dependent phenomenon rather than a fixed category, and demonstrate how the relational function of language is produced, negotiated, and interpreted in communicative practice.
Kata Kunci : wacana fatis, masyarakat Jawa, analisis percakapan, continuum fatis-nonfatis, indeks daya fatis