Lokalisasi Memori Kolektif pada Diskriminasi Interseksional dan Upaya Resistensi dalam The Heaven And Earth Grocery Store (2023): Kajian Memori-Interseksionalitas

Wanda Andres Saputra, Muh. Arif Rokhman, M.Hum. Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Sastra

Fiksi sejarah menjadi salah satu genre sastra yang mampu menghadirkan kembali masa lalu melalui narasi seperti identitas, struktur sosial, dan nilai norma komunitas. Salah satu bentuk sastra fiksi sejarah ialah novel kontemporer Amerika The Heaven and Earth Grocery Store (2023) yang ditulis oleh James McBride. Peneliti berfokus pada fenomena lokalisasi memori kolektif yang mengulas diskriminasi interseksional dan upaya resistensi di dalam-nya dengan mengajukan pertanyaan fundamental; bagaimana latar tempat dilokalisasikan atau ditempatkan sebagai memori kolektif dalam novel; bagaimana bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi interseksional para tokoh muncul dalam lokalisasi atau penempatan memori kolektif; dan bagaimana upaya resistensi atau perlawanan para tokoh terhadap diskriminasi interseksional dalam lokalisasi memori kolektif. Metode kualitatif-deskriptif diterapkan untuk menganalisis secara interpretatif data tekstual novel melalui tiga permasalahan yang diajukan sehingga peneliti menemukan temuan-temuan sebagai berikut. Pertama, penerapan teori lokalisasi memori kolektif Halbwachs ditemukan adanya penempatan memori kolektif di latar tempat bebatuan kota Chicken Hill, ruang keabsahan Pennhurst, ruang ekonomi di toko kelontong, dan ruang religius di sinagoga. Kedua, konsep interseksionalitas Crenshaw diterapkan pada novel dengan menghasilkan temuan diskriminasi interseksionalitas pada level struktural, politis, dan representasional. Ketiga, resistensi Johansson dan Vinthagen diimplementasikan untuk menemukan temuan mengenai perlawanan melalui tindakan repertoar, relasi antar agen sebagai perlawanan negosiasi, perlawanan melalui spasial, temporalisasi perlawanan melalui momentum. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dapat berimplikasi kepada counter-memori yang terpinggirkan oleh narasi sejarah Amerika.

Historical fiction is a literary genre capable of bringing the past to life through narratives that explore identity, social structures and community values. One example of historical fiction is the contemporary American novel The Heaven and Earth Grocery Store (2023) by James McBride. The researcher focuses on the phenomenon of the localisation of collective memory, which examines intersectional discrimination and the efforts of resistance within it by posing fundamental questions; how the setting is localised or situated as collective memory within the novel; how the forms of intersectional discrimination experienced by the characters emerge within this localisation or situated collective memory; and how the characters’ acts of resistance or defiance against intersectional discrimination manifest within the localisation of collective memory. A qualitative-descriptive method was applied to interpretatively analyse the novel’s textual data through the three research questions posed, leading the researcher to the following findings. Firstly, the application of Halbwachs’ theory of the localisation of collective memory revealed the siting of collective memory in the rocky setting of Chicken Hill, the space of legitimacy at Pennhurst, the economic space of the grocery shop, and the religious space of the synagogue. Secondly, Crenshaw’s concept of intersectionality was applied to the novel, yielding findings of intersectional discrimination at the structural, political, and representational levels. Thirdly, the theories of resistance put forward by Johansson and Vinthagen are applied to identify findings regarding resistance through repertoire-based actions, inter-agent relations as a form of negotiated resistance, spatialised resistance, and the temporalisation of resistance through momentum. Consequently, this research may shed light on counter-memories that have been marginalised by the American historical narrative. 

Kata Kunci : the heaven and earth grocery store, lokalisasi memori, diskriminasi interseksional, resistensi / the heaven and earth grocery store, localization of memory, intersectional discrimination, resistance