Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Speech Delay Usia Prasekolah

Arfidya Kartika Rifadanti, Sri Hartini, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kes., Ph.D; Ayyu Sandhi, S.Kep., Ns., M.Sc., Ph.D; Lely Lusmilasari, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang : Masa prasekolah adalah masa golden age anak. Keterlambatan bicara adalah kondisi perkembangan bicara anak berada di bawah rata – rata anak lain seusianya. Keterlambatan bicara dapat menimbulkan banyak dampak negatif bagi anak sehingga memengaruhi perkembangan keterampilan sosial anak. Keterampilan sosial dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya pola asuh orang tua. Di Indonesia keterlambatan bicara ditemukan pada 42,5% anak usia prasekolah. Bukti mengenai hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah masih terbatas, sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan tersebut.

Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah. Mengetahui hubungan antara variabel luar yaitu usia anak, jenis kelamin anak, dan tingkat perkembangan dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah.

Metode : Penelitian kuantitatif korelational dengan rancangan cross sectional pada 77 anak speech delay usia prasekolah di Poli Rehabilitasi Medik RSUP Dr Sardjito. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling. Variabel pola asuh diukur dengan Parenting Styles and Dimesions Questionnaire (PSDQ) dan keterampilan sosial diukur menggunakan Preschool Kindergarten Behaviour Scale (PKBS). Uji yang digunakan untuk menguji hubungan variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat adalah Kruskall Wallis. 

Hasil : Mayoritas responden penelitian menggunakan pola asuh demokratis (93,550. Keterampila sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah memiliki skor median 104 dengan rentang skor 72 hingga 122. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah (p = 0,001). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia anak (p = 0,157) dan jenis kelamin anak (p = 0,218) dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat perkembangan dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah (p = 0,000). 

Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia anak dan jenis kelamin anak dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat perkembangan dengan keterampilan sosial anak speech delay usia prasekolah. 

Kata kunci : Anak prasekolah, keterampilan sosial, pola asuh orang tua, speech delay.

Background : Preschool is a child's golden age. Speech delay is a condition in which a child's speech development is below the average for other children their age. Speech delay can have many negative impacts on children, affecting the development of their social skills. Social skills are influenced by various factors, one of which is parenting style. In Indonesia, speech delays were found in 42,5% of preschool aged children. Evidence regarding the relationship between parenting style and the social skills of preschool-aged children with speech delay is still limited, so this study was conducted to analyze this relationship.

Objective : To determine the relationship between parenting styles and the social skills of preschool-age children with speech delay. To determine the relationship between external variables, namely the child's age, gender, and developmental level, with the social skills of preschool-age children with speech delay.

Methods : This quantitative correlational study used a cross-sectional design on 77 preschool-aged children with speech delay at the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling. Parenting patterns were measured using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and social skills were measured using the Preschool Kindergarten Behavior Scale (PKBS). The test used to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables is the Kruskall Wallis.

Results : The majority of research respondents used a democratic parenting style (93,5%). The social skills of preschool-age speech delay children had a median score of 104 with a score range of 72 to 122. There was a significant relationship between parenting styles and the social skills of preschool-age speech delay children (p = 0.001). There was no significant relationship between the child's age (p = 0.157) and the child's gender (p = 0.218) with the social skills of preschool-age speech delay children. There was a significant relationship between the level of development and the social skills of preschool-age speech delay children (p = 0.000).  

Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between parenting styles and the social skills of preschool-age children with speech delay. There is no significant relationship between the child's age and gender and the social skills of preschool-age children with speech delay. There is a significant relationship between developmental level and the social skills of preschool-age children with speech delay.

Keywords : Preschool, social skills, parenting styles, speech delay

Kata Kunci : Anak prasekolah, keterampilan sosial, pola asuh orang tua, speech delay.