Strategi Perencanaan Kawasan Permukiman Rawan Banjir dengan Pendekatan Neighbourhood-Based Disaster Resilience di Kawasan Tlogosari, Kota Semarang

Alfina Sausan Nabila, Irsyad Adhi Waskita Hutama, S.T., M.Sc.,Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Kawasan perkotaan di Indonesia menghadapi tekanan serius akibat meningkatnya bencana hidrometeorologi. Pada tahun 2024 tercatat 1.420 kejadian banjir atau 99,34?ri total bencana (Kompas, 2025). Kota Semarang sebagai kota pesisir mengalami berbagai tipe banjir, termasuk banjir lokal, limpasan sungai, dan rob. Kawasan Perumnas Tlogosari merupakan wilayah rawan banjir yang mengalami genangan berulang, dengan ketinggian mencapai 85 cm pada Februari 2025. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan tinggi, keterbatasan sistem drainase, serta perubahan tata guna lahan yang menurunkan kapasitas infiltrasi. Selain itu, proporsi ruang terbuka hijau Kota Semarang yang hanya sekitar 7,5% menunjukkan rendahnya kapasitas ekologis kawasan dalam mengelola air hujan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi penataan kawasan permukiman rawan banjir berbasis Disaster Resilient Neighbourhood melalui integrasi pendekatan Nature-Based Solutions dan Neighbourhood-Based Solutions. Metode yang digunakan adalah backcasting yang dipadukan dengan Design Thinking (empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test) serta Participatory Design untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan dan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat. Pengembangan dan pemilihan alternatif rencana dilakukan melalui pendekatan SCAMPER, simulasi pemodelan InVEST untuk menganalisis kapasitas limpasan dan potensi genangan, serta evaluasi menggunakan Performance Matrix. Kriteria evaluasi disusun berdasarkan indikator Nature-Based Solutions yang mencakup aspek hidrologis, ekologis, sosial, dan teknis. Penilaian dilakukan dengan sistem skoring (1–4), penilaian kualitatif, dan pembobotan terhadap variabel seperti efektivitas pengurangan risiko banjir, ketahanan sosial, kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi, dukungan tata kelola, dampak lingkungan, serta integrasi spasial. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Sustainable Drainage System, Eco-Responsive Open Space, dan Resilient Commercial Area mampu meningkatkan kapasitas pengelolaan limpasan, mengurangi genangan, serta mendukung aktivitas ekonomi lokal. Pendekatan ini menghasilkan perencanaan yang adaptif, kontekstual, dan berkelanjutan.

Urban areas in Indonesia are facing increasing pressure from hydrometeorological disasters, with 1,420 flood events recorded in 2024, accounting for 99.34% of total disasters (Kompas, 2025). Semarang City, as a coastal metropolitan area, experiences various types of flooding, including local flooding, river overflow, and tidal flooding (rob). The Perumnas Tlogosari area is classified as flood-prone, with recurrent inundation reaching 85 cm in February 2025. These conditions are influenced by high rainfall intensity, inadequate drainage systems, and land use changes that reduce infiltration capacity. In addition, the limited proportion of green open space (7.5%) reflects low ecological capacity in managing stormwater.

This study aims to formulate a spatial planning strategy for flood-prone residential areas based on the Disaster Resilient Neighbourhood approach through the integration of Nature-Based Solutions and Neighbourhood-Based Solutions. The research adopts a backcasting method combined with a Design Thinking framework (empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test) and Participatory Design to ensure the incorporation of local needs and community-based knowledge. The development and selection of planning alternatives are carried out using the SCAMPER approach, supported by InVEST modeling simulations to assess runoff retention capacity and flood potential, as well as evaluation through a Performance Matrix. The evaluation criteria are derived from Nature-Based Solutions indicators, encompassing hydrological, ecological, social, and technical dimensions. The assessment process employs a scoring system (1–4), complemented by qualitative evaluation and weighting across variables, including flood risk reduction effectiveness, social resilience, technical and economic feasibility, governance support, environmental impact, and spatial integration. The results demonstrate that the implementation of a Sustainable Drainage System, Eco-Responsive Open Space, and Resilient Commercial Area enhances runoff management capacity, reduces flood inundation, and supports local economic activities. Overall, this approach produces a planning framework that is adaptive, context-sensitive, and sustainable.

Kata Kunci : Resilient Neighbourhood, Nature-Based Solutions, Green Infrastructure, Flood Mitigation