DAMPAK BIOFISIK PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN DAN TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP IKLIM REGIONAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Amelia Fitri, Dr. Emilya Nurjani, M.Si ; Dr. Andung Bayu Sekaranom, S.Si., M.Sc
2025 | Tesis | S2 Geografi
Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) exerts a strong influence on regional climate through biophysical mechanisms that alter surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and surface roughness. Kalimantan—having experienced extensive deforestation and agricultural expansion since the 1960s—is one of the regions in Indonesia most vulnerable to climate modification driven by LULCC. This study aims to (1) identify the historical biophysical impacts of LULCC on temperature and precipitation in Kalimantan during 1960–1989, and (2) evaluate future LULCC-induced climate impacts under the SSP126 and SSP370 scenarios for the period 2021–2050.
The analysis employs CMIP6–LUMIP Earth System Model simulations (Historical, Hist_noLu, SSP126, SSP126_SSP370Lu, SSP370, SSP370_SSP126Lu) combined with LUH2 land-use data. LULCC impacts were isolated using a delta-based paired-simulation approach, while statistical analyses included ridge regression, the Mann–Kendall trend test, the Pettitt change-point test, and descriptive statistics to assess long-term climate responses.
The historical analysis shows that LULCC contributed significantly to warming, adding approximately +0,09°C or 28% of the total historical temperature increase. Its influence on precipitation was not significant, as natural climate variability, particularly ENSO and IOD, dominated rainfall fluctuations. In the projection period 2021–2050, all scenarios indicate warming. Under SSP126, total warming reaches +0.38°C, while SSP126_SSP370Lu increases to +0.40°C, reflecting an additional 5.3% warming due to SSP370 land-use changes. Under the SSP370 baseline, warming reaches +0.82°C but decreases to +0.64°C in SSP370_SSP126Lu, indicating that vegetation restoration can reduce warming by approximately 22%. Precipitation responses are highly variable across scenarios and regions, with the largest changes occurring in West Kalimantan. Overall, LULCC exerts a strong and measurable influence on temperature, while its effects on precipitation remain non-linear and strongly dependent on the underlying climate forcing.
Kata Kunci : Perubahan penggunaan lahan, dampak biofisik, Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, Land use Harmonization.