Kajian Mind the Gap Pengelolaan Psikotropika di Apotek Wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

YESI LESTARI, apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, M.P.H., Ph.D.;Prof. Dr. apt. Satibi, M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Pengelolaan psikotropika di apotek merupakan aktivitas strategis yang membutuhkan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi terhadap regulasi mengingat potensi penyalahgunaan yang cukup besar. Apotek merupakan salah satu fasilitas dalam pelayanan farmasi, dimana apotek bertugas untuk memastikan pengelolaan psikotropika sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditentukan. Implementasinya di lapangan masih ditemukan adanya kesenjangan antara kebijakan normatif dengan praktik aktual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengeksplorasi kesenjangan (Mind the Gap) dalam pengelolaan psikotropika di apotek wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), serta merumuskan faktor-faktor penyebab dan rekomendasi perbaikannya.

Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam kepada 10 apoteker pengelolaan psikotropika, serta didukung oleh observasi prosedural, dan analisis dokumen pendukung. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara tematik berdasarkan pendekatan Braun & Clarke, yang mencakup tahap reduksi data, pengkodean, identifikasi dan peninjauan tema, serta penyusunan narasi hasil. Pemilihan partisipan ditentukan secara purposive sampling karena telah dianggap mewakili variasi lokasi, tingkat aktivitas pelayanan, kemudahan akses peneliti dan kesediaan apotek untuk menjadi subjek penelitian, selain itu prinsip kejenuhan data (data saturation).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan psikotropika di apotek wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada umumnya telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Namun demikian, masih ditemukan kesenjangan yang bersifat parsial, terutama pada aspek pengadaan dan pelaporan, yang dipengaruhi oleh keterlambatan pasokan dari PBF serta tantangan sinkronisasi antara stok fisik dan sistem pelaporan administrasi. Sistem pelaporan elektronik SIPNAP yang telah diperbarui dinilai mempermudah dan mempercepat proses pelaporan. Selain itu, apoteker berperan aktif dalam menjaga keaslian resep, memverifikasi identitas pasien, serta berkoordinasi dengan sejawat sebagai wujud tanggung jawab professional. Kesimpulannya, pengelolaan psikotropika di apotek wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menunjukkan tingkat kepatuhan yang baik, meskipun masih diperlukan penguatan pada sistem distribusi, pengadaan, dan sinergi antarinstansi untuk meminimalkan kesenjangan antara ketentuan regulasi dan praktik di lapangan.

The management of psychotropic drugs in pharmacies is a strategic activity that requires a high level of compliance with regulations, given the significant potential for abuse. Pharmacies are one of the facilities in pharmaceutical services, where they are tasked with ensuring that psychotropic drugs are managed in accordance with predetermined standards. In practice, there is still a gap between normative policies and actual practices. This study aims to identify and explore the gaps (Mind the Gap) in the management of psychotropic drugs in pharmacies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), as well as to formulate the contributing factors and recommendations for improvement.

This study adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with 10 pharmacists managing psychotropic drugs, supported by procedural observations and analysis of supporting documents. Data analysis was conducted thematically based on the Braun & Clarke approach, which includes the stages of data reduction, coding, identification and review of themes, and compilation of narrative results. Participants were selected using purposive sampling because they were considered to represent variations in location, level of service activity, ease of access for researchers, and willingness of pharmacies to be research subjects, in addition to the principle of data saturation.

The results of this study indicate that the management of psychotropic medicines in community pharmacies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta has generally been implemented in accordance with prevailing laws and regulations. However, partial gaps were still identified, particularly in the procurement and reporting aspects, which were influenced by delays in supply from pharmaceutical wholesalers and challenges in synchronizing physical stock with administrative reporting systems. The updated electronic reporting system (SIPNAP) was perceived to facilitate and accelerate the reporting process. In addition, pharmacists played an active role in ensuring prescription authenticity, verifying patient identity, and coordinating with fellow healthcare professionals as a manifestation of professional responsibility. In conclusion, the management of psychotropic medicines in community pharmacies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta demonstrates a good level of regulatory compliance; nevertheless, further strengthening of the distribution and procurement systems, as well as inter-institutional synergy, is still required to minimize the gap between regulatory provisions and actual practice. 

Kata Kunci : Psikotropika, Apotek, Mind the Gap, Pengelolaan, Apoteker