Pengaruh Kecepatan Milling dan Sintering pada Teknik CAD/CAM terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Mahkota Gigi Tiruan Zirconia

Juan Gabriel Fong, drg. Murti Indrastuti, M.Kes., Sp.Pros.(K); drg. Intan Ruspita, M.Kes., Ph.D., Sp.Pros.(K)

2026 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Prostodonsia

Mahkota gigi tiruan zirconia adalah restorasi indirek populer yang difabrikasi menggunakan teknologi Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Kekasaran permukaan material merupakan faktor krusial yang memengaruhi sifat klinisnya, dengan ambang batas ideal Ra < 0>milling dan kecepatan sintering terhadap kekasaran permukaan mahkota gigi tiruan zirconia. Studi eksperimental laboratorium ini menggunakan 24 sampel mahkota zirconia 3Y-TZP yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok tersebut merupakan kombinasi dari tiga kecepatan milling (fast, normal, dan gentle) dan dua kecepatan sintering (konvensional dan speed). Kekasaran permukaan diukur secara kuantitatif menggunakan Surftest Mitutoyo SJ-210 (nilai Ra) dan diamati secara kualitatif dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA dua jalur dan post hoc Tukey HSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kecepatan milling dan kecepatan sintering secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kekasaran permukaan (p<0>gentle milling dan speed sintering menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan terendah. Disimpulkan bahwa kecepatan milling dan kecepatan sintering berpengaruh terhadap kekasaran permukaan mahkota gigi tiruan zirconia. Kombinasi gentle milling dan speed sintering menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan yang minimal, namun proses finishing dan polishing tetap diperlukan agar memenuhi standar klinis (< 0>

Zirconia dental crowns are popular indirect restorations fabricated using Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Surface roughness is a critical factor influencing their clinical performance, with an ideal Ra <0.2 micrometer recommended to prevent bacterial colonization. Both milling and sintering processes within the CAD/CAM workflow are known to affect this surface roughness. This study aimed to investigate the impact of differing milling speeds and sintering speeds on the surface roughness of zirconia dental crowns.This experimental laboratory study utilized 24 3Y-TZP zirconia crowns, allocated into 6 treatment groups combining three milling speeds (fast, normal, and gentle) and two sintering speeds (conventional and speed). Surface roughness (Ra values) was quantitatively measured using a Surftest Mitutoyo SJ-210 and qualitatively observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests.Research findings show that milling speed and sintering speed significantly affect surface roughness (p<0.05). The gentle milling with speed sintering group exhibited the lowest surface roughness. In conclusion, both milling speed and sintering speed significantly affect the surface roughness of zirconia dental crown. Gentle milling combined with speed sintering produces minimal surface roughness, yet additional finishing or polishing procedures remain essential to ensure surface roughness meets clinical standards (<0.2 micrometer).

Kata Kunci : zirconia, CAD/CAM, milling, sintering, kekasaran permukaan.