The Relationship of miR-361b-5p Expression to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutation Status in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Ika Dewi Lestari, dr. Didik Setyo Heriyanto, Ph.D, Sp.PA., Subsp. D.H.B. (K), Subsp. Kv.R.M. (K); Prof. Hsiao-Chi Chuang, BSc., MSc., Ph.D
2025 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Ilmu Patologi Anatomi
Latar belakang: Kanker paru merupakan penyebab utama
kematian akibat kanker di dunia, dengan kanker paru karsinoma bukan sel kecil
(KPKBSK) mendominasi 85% kasus. Mutasi Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR),
khususnya mutasi L858R di ekson 21 dan delesi ekson 19, berperan penting dalam
menentukan pemilihan terapi target berupa Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI).
Namun, keterbatasan sampel jaringan tumor seringkali menjadi hambatan dalam
pemeriksaan status mutasi EGFR. MikroRNA (miRNA), khususnya miR-361b-5p,
berpotensi menjadi biomarker molekuler non-invasif yang dapat menggambarkan
status mutasi EGFR berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara ekspresi miR-361b-5p
dengan status mutasi EGFR pada pasien adenokarsinoma paru.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang
dengan sampel sitologi adenokarsinoma paru yang telah diketahui status mutasi
EGFR-nya. Penilaian ekspresi miR-361b-5p menggunakan metode pemeriksaan Reverse
Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), kemudian kuantifikasi relatif
ekspresi gen dihitung berdasarkan metode fold change. Analisis
statistik untuk mengetahui hubungan antara miR-361b-5p dengan status mutasi
EGFR menggunakan One Way Anova.
Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan ekspresi miR-361b-5p yang signifikan antara kelompok dengan mutasi EGFR positif dan kelompok wild type (nilai p kurang dari 0,005). Ekspresi tertinggi ditemukan pada pasien dengan mutasi L858R di ekson 21.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat
hubungan antara peningkatan ekspresi miR-361b-5p dan keberadaan mutasi EGFR,
khususnya L858R ekson 21. Hasil ini mendukung potensi miR-361b-5p sebagai
biomarker non-invasif untuk prediksi status mutasi EGFR pada pasien
adenokarsinoma paru.
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of
cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
accounting for approximately 85% of all cases. Mutations in the Epidermal
Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), particularly exon 21 L858R and exon 19
deletions, play a crucial role in guiding the use of targeted therapies such as
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). However, limited availability of tumor
tissue samples often hampers the assessment of EGFR mutation status. MicroRNAs
(miRNAs), especially miR-361b-5p, have emerged as potential non-invasive
molecular biomarkers for EGFR mutation prediction based on previous studies.
Objective: To determine the relationship between
miR-361b-5p expression and EGFR mutation status in patients with lung
adenocarcinoma.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used cytological
samples of lung adenocarcinoma with known EGFR mutation status. miR-361b-5p
expression was assessed using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
(RT-PCR), and relative gene expression was quantified using the fold change
method. Statistical analysis to examine the association between
miR-361b-5p expression and EGFR mutation status was performed using One-Way
ANOVA.
Results: A significant difference in miR-361b-5p expression was found between EGFR-mutant and wild-type groups (p value less than 0.05). The highest expression was observed in patients with the exon 21 L858R mutation.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between elevated miR-361b-5p expression and the presence of EGFR mutations, particularly exon 21 L858R. These findings support the potential of miR-361b-5p as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Kata Kunci : NSCLC, adenocarcinoma, miR-361b-5p, EGFR, L858R
