Karakteristik Tata Ruang Rumah Tradisional Lurah di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

GUSNIDA KARIMA ROSSA, Sektiadi,S.S., M.Hum.

2025 | Skripsi | ARKEOLOGI

Pada masa kolonial, fasilitas desa masih belum semaju dan selengkap seperti masa kini. Di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, rumah tradisional Jawa milik lurah biasa digunakan sebagai alternatif fasilitas desa, salah satunya adalah sebagai kantor desa atau balai kalurahan. Faktor tersebut dikarenakan desa belum memiliki kantor pemerintahan desa yang berdiri sendiri, sehingga lurah harus memberikan fasilitas kepada desa untuk berkantor di rumahnya. Hal ini menjadi suatu pengaruh pada komponen ruang rumah lurah. Selain itu, latar belakang lurah termasuk bangsawan desa pula merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi komponen ruang rumah huniannya, karena hal tersebut menjadikan rumahnya cenderung memiliki komponen ruang lebih lengkap dibandingkan dengan rumah milik rata-rata masyarakat setempat yang relatif sederhana. Pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah seperti apakah karakteristik rumah tradisional lurah di Kabupaten Gunungkidul melalui cerminan tata ruangnya. Adapun tiga objek penelitian yang diangkat adalah rumah tradisional milik Lurah Sastrowihardjo, Lurah Kromopawiro, dan Lurah Sumardi Wignyoatmojo di Kabupaten Gunungkidul yang berbeda desa atau kalurahan. Analisis Penelitian dilakukan dengan meninjau perbedaan serta persamaan antar-komponen sekaligus pola tata ruang rumah lurah, yang kemudian menghasilkan karakteristik dari masing-masing rumah lurah. Dari hasil analisis tersebut, maka dapat diketahui bahwa komponen tata ruang rumah lurah terdiri dari kuncungan, pendhapa, pringgitan, dalem, senthong, pawon, pekiwan, lumbung padi, kandang lembu, gedhogan. Melalui kajian yang sudah dianalisis, maka dapat diketahui bahwa rumah lurah mengedepankan aspek fungsional: lurah tidak hanya mengedepankan fungsi rumahnya sebagai tempat hunian, namun untuk menunjang kewajibannya sebagai lurah pula; sedangkan aspek simbolik: nilai prestise dari rumah huniannya relatif besar dan luas, serta komponen ruangnya yang lengkap. Selain itu, terdapat pula aspek simbolik kekeluargaan. Maka secara keseluruhan, hubungan dengan tata ruang rumah tradisional Jawa, rumah lurah termasuk dalam tingkatan kedua.

During the colonial period, village facilities were not as advanced and complete as they are today. In Gunungkidul Regency, traditional Javanese houses owned by village heads were commonly used as alternative village facilities, one of which was as a village office or community hall. This was because the village did not yet have its own village administration office, so the village head had to provide facilities for the village to use his house as an office. This had an impact on the spatial components of the village head's house. In addition, the background of the village head, who was also a village nobleman, was a factor that influenced the spatial components of his residence, as this meant that his house tended to have more complete spatial components than the relatively simple houses owned by the average local community. The question in this study was what were the characteristics of the traditional houses of village heads in Gunungkidul Regency as reflected in their spatial layout. The three research objects are the traditional houses of Village Head Sastrowihardjo, Village Head Kromopawiro, and Village Head Sumardi Wignyoatmojo in Gunungkidul Regency, who are from different villages or subdistricts. The research analysis was conducted by reviewing the differences and similarities between the components as well as the spatial patterns of the village heads' houses, which then produced the characteristics of each village head's house. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the spatial layout components of the village head's house consist of a kuncungan, pendhapa, pringgitan, dalem, senthong, pawon, pekiwan, rice barn, cow shed, and gedhogan. Through the analysis, it can be seen that village head houses prioritize functionality: village heads not only prioritize the function of their houses as dwellings, but also to support their obligations as village heads; while the symbolic aspect is the prestige value of their relatively large and spacious dwellings, as well as their complete spatial components. Additionally, there is also a familial symbolic aspect. Therefore, overall, in relation to the spatial layout of traditional Javanese houses, the village head's house falls into the second category.

Kata Kunci : Rumah tradisional Jawa, lurah, pola tata ruang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul