Pembuatan Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) Bangunan Gereja Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro menggunakan SLAM – LiDAR

Muhammad Farrell Wardhana, Ir. Ruli Andaru, S.T, M.Eng., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEODESI

Digitalisasi bangunan cagar budaya seperti Komplek Gereja Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro yang memiliki nilai historis tinggi merupakan langkah penting dalam pelestarian warisan budaya. Proses ini menuntut pendekatan yang tidak hanya mendokumentasikan bentuk fisik bangunan secara presisi, tetapi juga mengintegrasikan informasi historis, material, dan arsitektural dalam format digital yang terstruktur dan dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut. Salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM), dengan menyimpan informasi tersebut dalam suatu skema atribut terstruktur. Penelitian aplikatif ini bertujuan membangun model tiga dimensi berbasis HBIM dari Komplek Gereja Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro menggunakan data spasial SLAM–LiDAR dan fotogrametri udara, mengevaluasi akurasi geometriknya, serta menyajikan hasilnya dalam platform visualisasi web interaktif.

Pengembangan alur kerja HBIM dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi SLAM-LiDAR secara resiprokal (untuk akuisisi bagian interior dan eksterior dari bangunan) serta fotogrametri drone dengan overlap 80?n sidelap 70% guna mencakup area atap dan lingkungan sekitar bangunan. Proses akuisisi mencakup lima sesi SLAM-LiDAR serta pemotretan foto udara yang menghasilkan point cloud gabungan berwarna. Seluruh point cloud diregistrasi terhadap kerangka kontrol absolut menggunakan metode GNSS-RTK Radio. Pengolahan data dilakukan melalui algoritma Structure-from-Motion (SfM) dan Multi-View Stereo (MVS) untuk foto udara hasil drone, serta optimisasi trajectory dan loop closure pada data SLAM menggunakan perangkat lunak FJD Trion Model untuk menghasilkan representasi spasial berkualitas tinggi. Pemodelan tiga dimensi dilakukan secara manual menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Revit, dengan memanfaatkan fitur wall, floor, roof, column,  TopoSolid, family, dan generic model untuk merepresentasikan elemen-elemen struktural maupun detail arsitektural bangunan secara akurat.

Pemodelan bangunan berbasis HBIM dilakukan untuk bangunan utama gereja dan bangunan pendukung di sekitarnya, yang secara keseluruhan mencakup lima objek (bangunan gereja utama, pasturan, gudang, panggung, dan sekretariat) dengan total area pemodelan sekitar 1.929,3 m². Model tiga dimensi yang dihasilkan merepresentasikan elemen arsitektural seperti dinding, atap, kolom, dan ornamen khas gereja dengan detail kompleksitas geometris tinggi, terutama pada bagian fasad eksterior bangunan dan interior utama. Hasil evaluasi koordinat cek (ICP) dari Total Station menunjukkan bahwa point cloud SLAM-LiDAR mencapai Grade of Accuracy (GOA) 100 dengan RMSE total 5,8 cm, sementara hasil uji dimensi terhadap model HBIM solid juga mencapai GOA 100 dengan RMSE total 1,6 cm akibat regularisasi geometri. Model akhir kemudian ditranslasi menggunakan Model Derivative API dan divisualisasikan dengan layanan Autodesk Platform Services (APS), yang menyediakan fitur interaktif seperti kueri properti elemen, analisis irisan (section), serta kontrol navigasi kamera tiga dimensi untuk eksplorasi digital berbasis web.

The digitalization of cultural heritage buildings, such as the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church Complex, which holds significant historical value, is a crucial step in preserving cultural heritage. This process requires an approach that not only documents the physical form of the building with precision but also integrates historical, material, and architectural information into a structured digital format that can be further analyzed. One such approach is Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM), which stores this information within a structured attribute schema. This applied research aims to develop an HBIM-based three-dimensional model of the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church Complex using spatial data from SLAM–LiDAR and aerial photogrammetry, evaluate its geometric accuracy, and present the results on an interactive web visualization platform.

The HBIM workflow was developed using SLAM-LiDAR technology applied reciprocally (for acquiring both interior and exterior building data) as well as drone photogrammetry with 80% overlap and 70% sidelap to cover the roof and surrounding environment. The data acquisition process included five SLAM-LiDAR sessions and drone aerial photography, resulting in a merged, colorized point cloud. All point clouds were registered to an absolute control framework using the GNSS-RTK Radio method. Data processing was performed using the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) algorithms for the drone imagery, and trajectory optimization and loop closure for the SLAM data using FJD Trion Model software, to produce high-quality spatial representations. The 3D modeling was conducted manually using Autodesk Revit software, utilizing features such as wall, floor, roof, column, TopoSolid, family, and generic model to accurately represent both structural and architectural elements.

The HBIM-based modeling covered the main church building and the supporting structures around it, consisting of five objects (the main church, rectory, storage building, stage, and secretariat), with a total modeled area of approximately 1,929.3 m². The resulting 3D model represents architectural elements such as walls, roofs, columns, and characteristic church ornaments with high geometric complexity, especially in the exterior façade and main interior areas. The ICP (Independent Check Point) evaluation using Total Station indicated that the SLAM-LiDAR point cloud achieved a Grade of Accuracy (GOA) 100 with an total RMSE of 5.8 cm, while the dimensional evaluation of the solid HBIM model also reached GOA 100 with a total RMSE of 1.6 cm, due to geometric regularization. The final model was then translated using the Model Derivative API and visualized through Autodesk Platform Services (APS), providing interactive features such as element property queries, section analysis, and 3D camera navigation for web-based digital exploration.

Kata Kunci : HBIM, SLAM-LIDAR, Pemodelan Tiga Dimensi, Point Cloud, Evaluasi Model Tiga Dimensi