Kajian Kualitas Data Spasial Hasil Pengumpulan Data Fisik Terintegrasi (Studi Kasus: Beberapa Kelurahan di Kota Samarinda)

Fajar Buyung Permadi, Prof. Ir. Nurrohmat Widjajanti, M.T., Ph.D., IPU, ASEAN Eng, APEC Eng.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Geomatika

Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan akan data spasial pertanahan yang berkualitas dan terintegrasi guna mendukung kebijakan pendaftaran tanah sistematis lengkap (PTSL). Permasalahan yang ditemukan antara lain belum optimalnya kualitas foto tegak dan data spasial bidang tanah hasil pengumpulan data fisik terintegrasi, dan saat ini masih ditemukan bidang tanah anomali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji, mengevaluasi dan meningkatkan kualitas data spasial foto tegak (akurasi geometri dan semantik), mengkaji ketelitian sisi, luas, kualitas data spasial bidang tanah, dan menganalisis anomali bidang tanah.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui pengolahan ulang data foto udara hasil akuisisi tahun 2023 dengan penambahan Titik Kontrol Tanah (TKT) sesuai kaidah teknis maupun tanpa penambahan TKT (memaksimalkan proses re-Aerial Triangulation). Pengujian akurasi geometri didasarkan pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 9135-1:2022, sedangkan akurasi semantik mengacu pada skala National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS) berdasarkan tabel Imagery Assessment and Reporting Standard (IRARS). Data bidang tanah dianalisis dari sisi ketelitian sisi dan luas berdasarkan Juknis Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/ Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional (PMNA/ Kepala BPN) Nomor 3 Tahun 1997, dan kualitas data spasial (polygon area, near distance, dan circularity ratio) mengacu pada SNI:ISO 19113 Tahun 2011. Penelitian ini juga mencakup analisis spasial terhadap bidang tanah anomali yang diklasifikasi sesuai petunjuk teknis yang telah dimodifikasi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan ulang foto tegak telah berhasil meningkatkan kualitas akurasi geometrik dan interpretabilitas semantik. Sebagian besar sampel bidang tanah yang dianalisis menunjukkan kualitas sangat baik hingga baik, serta memenuhi standar akurasi jarak dan luas. Selain itu, jumlah bidang tanah anomali mengalami penurunan signifikan, sehingga menyisakan anomali < 10>

This study is motivated by the need for quality and integrated land spatial data to support the complete systematic land registration (PTSL) policy, especially in Samarinda City which has been declared a complete city. The problems found include the suboptimal quality of vertical photos and spatial data of land areas resulting from integrated physical data collection, and currently anomalous land parcels are still found. This study aims to study, evaluate, and improve the quality of vertical photo spatial data, both in terms of geometric and semantic accuracy of vertical photos, examine the accuracy of the side, area, and quality of land parcels spatial data, and analyze land parcel anomalies. 

This research was carried out by reprocessing aerial photo data from the acquisition in 2023 with the addition of TKT according to technical rules or without the addition of TKT (maximizing the re-AT process). Geometric accuracy testing was carried out based on BIG Regulation Number 15 of 2014 and BIG Regulation Number 6 of 2018, while semantic accuracy refers to the NIIRS scale based on the IRARS table. Land parcel data were analyzed in terms of side and area accuracy based on PMNA Technical Guidelines Number 3 of 1997, and spatial data quality (polygon area, near distance, and circularity ratio) refers to SNI:ISO 19113 Tahun 2011. This study also includes spatial analysis of anomalous land parcels classified according to modified technical instructions.

The results of the study indicate that reprocessing of vertical photographs has succeeded in improving the quality of geometric accuracy and semantic interpretability. Most of the analyzed land parcel samples showed very good to good quality, and met the distance and area accuracy standards. In addition, the number of anomalous land parcels decreased significantly, leaving anomalies <10>

Kata Kunci : Pengumpulan data fisik terintegrasi, Kualitas data spasial, Foto tegak, Anomali bidang tanah, Data pertanahan valid dan reliabel