Peranan Soundscape Terhadap Place Identity Di Kawasan Heritage Catur Gatra Tunggal Kotagede

Neni Kusumawardani, Syam Rachma Marcillia S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D

2025 | Tesis | MAGISTER RANCANG KOTA

Kotagede Yogyakarta merupakan kawasan bersejarah peninggalan Kerajaan Mataram Islam. Saat ini kawasan tersebut berkembang menjadi permukiman penduduk. Kawasan ini memiliki peninggalan struktur ruang dan pola ruang Jawa yang dikenal dengan konsep “Catur Gatra Tunggal”. Namun kondisi kawasan ini mengalami degradasi fisik dan fungsional sehingga memengaruhi karakter ruang, termasuk kualitas lingkungan akustik (soundscape). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi soundscape di kawasan Catur Gatra Tunggal Kotagede saat ini melalui metode untuk mengeksplorasi jenis – jenis suara yang ada di lokasi saat ini, bagaimana persepsi manusia terhadap suara – suara tersebut, dan kaitan serta peranan soundwalk terhadap place identity kawasan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode soundwalk, observasi lapangan, dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada penduduk lokal maupun pengunjung. Hasil observasi dan soundwalk menunjukan bahwa ada keterkaitan antara sumber suara, persepsi yang dirasakan, dan konteks lokasi. Data kuesioner yang diolah dengan korelasi spearman menunjukan adanya kaitan antara suara soundscape dan keynote terhadap place identity. Peranan soundscape terhadap place identity dianalisis menggunakan Kano Model. Hasil analisis menunjukan suara – suara yang harus hadir dan dipertahankan, suara yang kehadirannya tidak menjadi pertimbangan, dan suara yang kehadirannya lebih baik dihilangkan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa soundscape memiliki peran penting dalam memperkuat identitas ruang kota, terutama di kawasan urban bersejarah yang mengalami tekanan perubahan spatial. Evaluasi suara berbasis persepsi dapat menjadi strategi desain kota yang lebih kontekstual dan manusiawi dalam pelestarian kawasan heritage. Kesimpulan utama penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kaitan antara jenis suara soundmark dan keynote terhadap persepsi place identity. Suara soundmark dianggap kehadirannya lebih berarti daripada suara keynote.

Kotagede Yogyakarta is a historical area left behind by the Islamic Mataram Kingdom. Currently, the area has developed into a residential area. This area has a legacy of Javanese spatial structure and spatial pattern known as the concept of “Catur Gatra Tunggal”. However, the condition of this area has experienced physical and functional degradation, affecting the character of the space, including the quality of the acoustic environment (soundscape). This study aims to identify the current soundscape conditions in the Catur Gatra Tunggal Kotagede area through a method to explore the types of sounds that exist in the current location, how humans perceive these sounds, and the relationship and role of soundwalks to the place identity of the area. Data collection used the soundwalk method, field observation, and distribution of questionnaires to local residents and visitors. The results of observations and soundwalks showed that there was a relationship between sound sources, perceived perceptions, and location context. Questionnaire data processed using Spearman correlation showed a relationship between soundscape sounds and keynotes to place identity. The role of soundscape to place identity was analyzed using the Kano Model. The results of the analysis showed sounds that must be present and maintained, sounds whose presence was not considered, and sounds whose presence was better removed. These findings demonstrate that soundscapes play a crucial role in strengthening the identity of urban spaces, particularly in historic urban areas experiencing spatial transformation and functional pressures. A perception-based evaluation of sound can serve as a more contextual and human-centered strategy in urban design, especially for heritage preservation. The main conclusion of this study shows that there is a relationship between the types of soundmark and keynote sounds on the perception of place identity. Soundmark are perceived as more meaningful and valuable in shaping place identity compared to keynote sound.

Kata Kunci : Sounscape, heritage, Catur Gatra Tunggal, Persepsi suara