PERAN PERILAKU PENGASUHAN DAN STRES PENGASUHAN TERHADAP MEMORI KERJA ANAK USIA DINI
Aulia Aniz Syabily, Edilburga Wulan Saptandari, S.Psi., M.Psi., Ph.D., Psikolog
2025 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi
Memori kerja merupakan komponen penting dalam
fungsi eksekutif yang berperan dalam proses pembelajaran, regulasi emosi, dan
keterampilan sosial anak. Faktor lingkungan, terutama perilaku pengasuhan dan
stres pengasuhan, dapat memengaruhi perkembangan memori kerja anak usia dini
baik positif maupun negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui
peran perilaku pengasuhan dan stres pengasuhan
terhadap memori kerja anak usia dini serta memberikan wawasan empiris
tentang keterkaitan antara variabel-variabel tersebut untuk memperkaya
literatur akademik di bidang neuropsikologi dan psikologi perkembangan anak
usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode
kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan desain survei, melibatkan 67 anak usia 5-6
tahun beserta orang tua mereka. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan Parenting Style Dimension Questionnaire
Short Form (PSDQ) untuk mengukur perilaku pengasuhan, Parental Stress Scale (PSS) untuk mengukur tingkat stres
pengasuhan, dan instrument Missing Scan
Task (MST) untuk mengukur kapasitas memori kerja anak. Hasil uji hipotesis
menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa perilaku
pengasuhan dan stress pengasuhan secara simultan tidak berpengaruh signifikan
terhadap memori kerja anak usia dini (R=0,309, R2=0,095, p=0,177). Ketidaksignifikanan
ini dapat diindikasikan bahwa ada faktor-faktor lainnya yang lebih berpengaruh
terhadap memori kerja, efek pengasuhan yang belum terlalu nampak di usia dini,
ataupun kondisi keterbatasan jumlah partisipan penelitian. Sehingga, implikasi
praktis dan rekomendasi penelitian lanjutan mencakup study longitudinal,
peningkatan jumlah partisipan dan analisis variable mediator antara perilaku
pengasuhan dan stres pengasuhan terhadap memori kerja anak usia dini.
Working memory is an important component of
executive function that plays a role in children's learning, emotion regulation
and social skills. Environmental factors, especially parenting behaviors and
parenting stress, can influence early childhood working memory development both
positively and negatively. The purpose of this study was to determine the role
of parenting behavior and parenting stress on early childhood working memory
and provide empirical insight into the relationship between these variables to
enrich academic literature in the fields of neuropsychology and early childhood
developmental psychology. This study used a non-experimental quantitative
method with a survey design, involving 67 children aged 5-6 years and their
parents. Data were collected using the Parenting Style Dimension Questionnaire
Short Form (PSDQ) to measure parenting behaviors, the Parental Stress Scale
(PSS) to measure parenting stress levels, and the Missing Scan Task (MST)
instrument to measure children's working memory capacity. The results of the
hypothesis test using multiple linear regression analysis showed that parenting
behavior and parenting stress simultaneously did not have a significant effect
on the working memory of early childhood (R=0.309, R2=0.095, p=0.177). This
insignificance may indicate that there are other factors that have a greater
influence on working memory, the effects of parenting that are not yet apparent
at an early age, or the limited number of research participants. Thus,
practical implications and recommendations for further research include
longitudinal studies, increasing the number of participants, and analyzing
mediator variables between parenting behavior and parenting stress on working
memory in early childhood.
Kata Kunci : Anak usia dini, perilaku pengasuhan, stres pengasuhan, memori kerja
